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A nurse has developed the following PICOT question: In adult men, is zinc supplementation as effective as vitamin C supplementation in reducing the length of respiratory viral infections over six months? The nurse identifies "zinc supplementation†as which part of the PICOT question?
- A. Population
- B. Intervention
- C. Comparison
- D. Outcome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intervention. In a PICOT question, the 'Intervention' refers to the treatment or exposure being considered. In this case, the nurse is comparing zinc supplementation to vitamin C supplementation, making zinc supplementation the intervention being studied. The 'Population' would be adult men, 'Comparison' would be vitamin C supplementation, and 'Outcome' would be the reduction in the length of respiratory viral infections. The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the specific focus of the intervention being studied in the question.
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The nurse is performing an environmental assessment in an apartment building where many people have reported burning eyes, skin rash, stuffy nose, and sore throat. Which type of hazard does the nurse anticipate is present in the apartment building?
- A. Radon
- B. Mice
- C. Mold
- D. Lead
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mold. Mold can cause symptoms like burning eyes, skin rash, stuffy nose, and sore throat. Mold thrives in damp environments, common in buildings. Radon (A) is a colorless, odorless gas found in soil and can cause lung cancer. Mice (B) can carry diseases but do not typically cause these symptoms. Lead (D) exposure can lead to neurological issues, not the symptoms described. The other choices are not relevant to the symptoms reported.
The nurse is discussing the importance of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) with a group of students. Which statement by a student indicates understanding of this process?
- A. "EBDM is a one-step process to make clinical decisions.â€
- B. "EBDM utilizes subjective decision-making.â€
- C. "EBDM uses interventions with replicable results.â€
- D. "EBDM relies on past nursing experiences.â€
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "EBDM uses interventions with replicable results." This statement indicates an understanding of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) because it highlights the key principle of using interventions that have been proven to produce consistent and replicable results through research and evidence. By basing decisions on interventions with replicable results, healthcare professionals can ensure that their clinical decisions are informed by reliable evidence rather than personal bias or subjective opinions.
Choice A is incorrect because EBDM is a multi-step process that involves gathering evidence, critically appraising it, and applying it to make decisions. Choice B is incorrect as EBDM focuses on objective evidence rather than subjective decision-making. Choice D is incorrect because while past nursing experiences may inform decision-making, EBDM emphasizes the use of current research and evidence to guide practice.
A nurse manager wants to facilitate incorporation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the clinical setting. Which of the following would be the best strategy to accomplish this goal?
- A. Eliminate all protocols and standards that are not evidence base
- C. Encourage group reflection on the ideals and expectations of nursing car
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Encourage group reflection on the ideals and expectations of nursing care. This strategy promotes a collaborative approach to understanding and implementing EBP. Group reflection fosters critical thinking, stimulates discussion, and encourages shared decision-making, leading to a deeper understanding and acceptance of EBP within the team. It also promotes a culture of continuous learning and improvement.
Eliminating all protocols not evidence-based (option A) may hinder current practice and create resistance. Without alternatives listed for other choices, it is challenging to provide detailed explanations for their incorrectness.
Demographic characteristics indicate that people in developed countries are living longer, healthier lives, yet tremendous health and social disparities exist. Which describes social determinants of health?
- A. What society does collectively to ensure the conditions exist in which people can be healthy
- B. Social conditions in which people live and work
- C. Context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community
- D. Comprehensive management of health information and its secure exchange between consumers, providers, government and quality entities, and insurers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately defines social determinants of health as what society collectively does to create conditions for health. It emphasizes the importance of societal actions in promoting health outcomes for individuals. Choice B refers to social conditions but does not explicitly mention the collective responsibility of society. Choice C focuses on community health but does not encompass the broader societal role. Choice D is about health information management, not social determinants. Choices E, F, and G are not provided, so they are irrelevant. In summary, A is correct as it highlights the societal efforts in creating a healthy environment, while the other choices are incorrect as they do not fully capture the concept of social determinants of health.
The nurse has been reading extensively on a particular clinical problem, using both the closest medical library and the Internet. Which of the following would be the most helpful source?
- A. A journal with a whole issue devoted to research on that clinical problem
- B. A randomized controlled clinical trial related to that clinical problem
- C. A researcher who has built a career on studying that clinical problem
- D. A systematic review related to the clinical problem
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A systematic review related to the clinical problem. This is because a systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of all available evidence on a specific topic, including individual studies such as randomized controlled trials. It helps to synthesize and critically appraise the existing research, offering a high level of evidence to guide clinical practice. Choice A may provide in-depth research but may not cover all relevant studies. Choice B is a single study and may not offer a broad perspective. Choice C focuses on a single researcher and may not encompass the full spectrum of evidence.