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A nurse in a community clinic is caring for a client who requests assistance with smoking cessation. The nurse should expect a prescription for which of the following medications?
- A. Naltrexone
- B. Chlordiazepoxide
- C. Clonidine
- D. Bupropion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bupropion. Bupropion is an antidepressant that is also FDA-approved for smoking cessation. It works by reducing nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Naltrexone (A) is used for alcohol and opioid dependence, not smoking cessation. Chlordiazepoxide (B) is a benzodiazepine used for alcohol withdrawal. Clonidine (C) is used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opioid and alcohol dependence, not specifically for smoking cessation. Therefore, Bupropion is the most appropriate choice for assisting the client with smoking cessation.
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A nurse is planning a community health program about Parkinson's disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include as a tertiary prevention strategy?
- A. Provide daily exercise classes to improve ambulation for clients who have Parkinson's disease.
- B. Provide screenings for community members to identify early manifestations of Parkinson's disease.
- C. Educate clients about common techniques used to diagnose Parkinson's disease.
- D. Educate clients who are at risk for Parkinson's disease about maintaining a low-cholesterol diet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide daily exercise classes to improve ambulation for clients who have Parkinson's disease. Tertiary prevention aims to prevent complications and further deterioration in individuals already diagnosed with a disease. In Parkinson's disease, exercise is crucial to maintain mobility and function. Regular exercise helps improve balance, strength, and coordination, which can slow down the progression of the disease and enhance quality of life. Providing daily exercise classes specifically tailored to individuals with Parkinson's disease aligns with tertiary prevention goals by promoting physical activity and independence.
Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on early identification rather than intervention for those already diagnosed. Choice C is incorrect as educating about diagnostic techniques is more aligned with secondary prevention. Choice D is incorrect as maintaining a low-cholesterol diet is not a specific tertiary prevention strategy for Parkinson's disease.
A nurse in the infectious disease division of the local health department is caring for a client. Which of the following infections should the nurse identify should be reported to the health department?
- A. Clostridium difficile
- B. Herpes simplex virus
- C. Chlamydia trachomatis
- D. Human papilloma virus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chlamydia trachomatis. This infection should be reported to the health department because it is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can have public health implications. Reporting helps track and control the spread of the infection, ensure proper treatment for the affected individual, and prevent further transmission. The other choices (A, B, and D) are not typically reportable to the health department as they are not considered communicable diseases that pose a significant public health risk. Reporting these infections may not be necessary for public health surveillance or intervention purposes.
What is the primary goal of integrating environmental health into nursing practice?
- A. Improving health care infrastructure
- B. Enhancing patient satisfaction
- C. Promoting environmental justice
- D. Reducing health care costs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of integrating environmental health into nursing practice is to promote environmental justice. This involves addressing health disparities caused by environmental factors impacting vulnerable populations. By advocating for fair treatment and equal access to a healthy environment, nurses can contribute to improving overall health outcomes. Improving health care infrastructure (A) focuses on facilities and resources, not specifically on environmental justice. Enhancing patient satisfaction (B) and reducing health care costs (D) are important but not the primary goal of environmental health integration in nursing practice.
The nurse has been reading extensively on a particular clinical problem, using both the closest medical library and the Internet. Which of the following would be the most helpful source?
- A. A journal with a whole issue devoted to research on that clinical problem
- B. A randomized controlled clinical trial related to that clinical problem
- C. A researcher who has built a career on studying that clinical problem
- D. A systematic review related to the clinical problem
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A systematic review related to the clinical problem. This is because a systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of all available evidence on a specific topic, including individual studies such as randomized controlled trials. It helps to synthesize and critically appraise the existing research, offering a high level of evidence to guide clinical practice. Choice A may provide in-depth research but may not cover all relevant studies. Choice B is a single study and may not offer a broad perspective. Choice C focuses on a single researcher and may not encompass the full spectrum of evidence.
Which database would the public health nurse use when conducting research to locate regularly updated systematic reviews?
- A. Cochrane Library
- B. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
- C. Medline with Full Text
- D. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Library is renowned for regularly updated systematic reviews, providing high-quality evidence for healthcare decision-making. It follows strict methodology to ensure reliability. AHRQ (B) focuses on healthcare quality improvement, not systematically updated reviews. While Medline (C) and CINAHL (D) are databases for primary research articles, they do not specifically focus on systematic reviews. Therefore, Cochrane Library is the most appropriate database for the public health nurse's research needs.