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A nurse historian is researching changes in professional nursing and nursing education in the mid-20th century. What trend promoted advancement of the profession and of nursing education?
- A. Increased need for nurses and knowledge explosion led to emphasis on education.
- B. Focus on the war effort slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology.
- C. Role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings.
- D. Nursing care was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more independent and assertive, leading to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology.
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Nurses in the United States follow regulations outlined by each state's nurse practice act. A nurse moving to a different state anticipates finding which elements are common to all states' nurse practice acts?
- A. Definition of the legal scope of nursing practice for those registered
- B. Provision of continuing education programs to meet state requirements
- C. Determining the scope of content covered in the NCLEX examination
- D. Creating institutional policies for health care practices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: State nurse practice acts regulate practice by defining the legal scope of practice, creating a state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulations, define important terms and activities in nursing, and establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The state's board of nursing has the legal authority define the education required to take NCLEX but does not provide that education or determine the content of the examination. The board has the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools to take the licensing examination. Institutional policies are created by the institutions themselves.
A nurse is engaged in community health promotion activities. What activity best reflects this type of health promotion?
- A. Teaching about fall prevention and home safety at a senior center
- B. Holding a blood glucose screening for diabetes at a local church
- C. Educating hospice volunteers on therapeutic communication
- D. Providing education on crutch walking to a child with a fractured tibia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses promote health and prevent illness primarily by teaching, through personal example and administering preventative vaccinations. Performing blood glucose screening for diabetes detects a disease after it has developed, rather than diabetes prevention. Therapeutic communication during hospice care and crutch walking are additional interventions used for diseases or health problems already present.
A nurse considers returning to school to obtain a master's degree in nursing. Which practice discipline requiring graduate level education could the nurse consider?
- A. Rehabilitation nurse
- B. Critical care nurse
- C. Oncology nurse
- D. Nurse practitioner
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A master's degree (MSN) prepares advanced practice nurses, nurse practitioners (NPs), nurse midwives, clinical specialists, or clinical nurse leaders.
According to Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA, 2021), 'Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity.' Which actions are consistent with these nursing roles? Select all that apply.
- A. Offering emotional support to a patient overwhelmed by a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer
- B. Making a diagnosis of appendicitis when a patient reports right lower quadrant pain
- C. Providing classes on nutrition and physical activity at a senior center
- D. Administering an antibiotic to a patient with a documented infection
- E. Working with the health department to provide free influenza vaccinations to children
- F. Requesting the health care provider change prescription for the patient whose pain is still unrelieved
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Education, emotional support, nursing interventions such as administering medications, preventing influenza and infectious diseases, and advocating for improved pain management are roles of the nurse. Making a medical diagnosis is not within the scope of professional nursing practice.
Nursing students are learning about the criteria that establish nursing as a profession. Which statements by the students indicate they have correctly described characteristics of a profession? Select all that apply.
- A. Nursing is composed of a well-defined body of general knowledge.
- B. Nursing interventions are dependent upon medical practice.
- C. Nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group.
- D. Nursing practice is regulated by the medical profession.
- E. Nursing has a code of ethics.
- F. Nursing is influenced by ongoing research.
Correct Answer: C,E,F
Rationale: Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on the following defining criteria: well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, strong service orientation, recognized authority by a professional group, code of ethics, professional organization that sets standards, ongoing research, and autonomy and self-regulation.