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A nurse is planning education for a patient who is scheduled for a diagnostic procedure to rule out a cerebral aneurysm. Which aspect of nursing does the nurse use as the basis for education?
- A. Art of nursing
- B. Science of nursing
- C. Caring aspect of nursing
- D. Holistic approach to nursing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The science of nursing is the knowledge base for care that is provided. In contrast, the skilled application of that knowledge is the art of nursing. Providing holistic care to patients based on the science of nursing is considered the art of nursing.
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Nurses of a statewide nursing organization come together to plan for the challenges to health care for the 21st century. What current trend in health care should be a focus of the plan?
- A. Decreasing numbers of hospitalized patients
- B. Increasing numbers of older and more acutely ill patients
- C. Decreasing health care costs owing to managed care
- D. Decreasing advances in medical knowledge and technology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies the following critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21st century: A growing population of hospitalized patients who are older and more acutely ill, increasing health care costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in medical knowledge and technology.
A group of students in a community health course is discussing disaster management. Which nursing leader will the students identify as the founder of the Red Cross?
- A. Clara Barton
- B. Florence Nightingale
- C. Lillian Wald
- D. Lavinia Dock
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clara Barton established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. Florence Nightingale elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. Lillian Wald was the founder of public health nursing. Lavinia Dock was a nursing leader and women's rights activist instrumental in establishing women's right to vote.
A nurse considers returning to school to obtain a master's degree in nursing. Which practice discipline requiring graduate level education could the nurse consider?
- A. Rehabilitation nurse
- B. Critical care nurse
- C. Oncology nurse
- D. Nurse practitioner
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A master's degree (MSN) prepares advanced practice nurses, nurse practitioners (NPs), nurse midwives, clinical specialists, or clinical nurse leaders.
A nurse historian is researching changes in professional nursing and nursing education in the mid-20th century. What trend promoted advancement of the profession and of nursing education?
- A. Increased need for nurses and knowledge explosion led to emphasis on education.
- B. Focus on the war effort slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology.
- C. Role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings.
- D. Nursing care was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more independent and assertive, leading to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology.
According to Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA, 2021), 'Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity.' Which actions are consistent with these nursing roles? Select all that apply.
- A. Offering emotional support to a patient overwhelmed by a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer
- B. Making a diagnosis of appendicitis when a patient reports right lower quadrant pain
- C. Providing classes on nutrition and physical activity at a senior center
- D. Administering an antibiotic to a patient with a documented infection
- E. Working with the health department to provide free influenza vaccinations to children
- F. Requesting the health care provider change prescription for the patient whose pain is still unrelieved
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Education, emotional support, nursing interventions such as administering medications, preventing influenza and infectious diseases, and advocating for improved pain management are roles of the nurse. Making a medical diagnosis is not within the scope of professional nursing practice.