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A nurse interested in life satisfaction among patients receiving hemodialysis reviews databases and identifies relevant studies which are then statistically analyzed providing generalization through multiple studies. The nurse researcher is using which type of research?
- A. Quasi-experimental
- B. Secondary analysis
- C. Meta-analysis
- D. Survey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Meta-analysis. In this scenario, the nurse researcher is combining and analyzing data from multiple studies on life satisfaction among hemodialysis patients to draw overall conclusions. Meta-analysis allows for generalization through synthesizing results from various studies, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Incorrect choices:
A: Quasi-experimental - This involves manipulating variables to observe their effects, which is not the case in the given scenario.
B: Secondary analysis - This refers to re-analyzing existing data, not multiple studies as in meta-analysis.
D: Survey - Surveys involve collecting data directly from participants, whereas in this case, existing studies are being analyzed.
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A nurse is listening to a patient's apical heart rate. The patient asks, "Is everything okay?" The nurse says nothing and shrugs her shoulders. The nurse is demonstrating:
- A. open communication.
- B. filtration.
- C. blocking.
- D. false assurance.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: false assurance. By not providing a verbal response to the patient's question and shrugging her shoulders, the nurse is not giving any indication of the patient's actual condition. This lack of communication can lead the patient to interpret the nurse's actions as reassurance that everything is fine, which is a form of false assurance. This behavior can be misleading and may prevent the patient from receiving important information about their health status.
Incorrect choices:
A: open communication - The nurse's lack of verbal response and shrugging shoulders does not demonstrate open communication.
B: filtration - Filtration is not relevant to the situation described.
C: blocking - While the nurse is not providing necessary information, the term "blocking" does not accurately describe the situation.
A nurse who has practiced on an orthopedic unit for 10 years unexpectedly becomes pregnant. At delivery the physician informs the mother, "Your baby has Alport syndrome, but then I don't have to explain what that means with your medical background." The mother is unfamiliar with this disease and withdraws as a coping mechanism. Which nursing theory would provide a framework to guide nursing care for this mother?
- A. Mishel's uncertainty of illness
- B. Orem's self-care deficit model
- C. Nightingale's canons of nursing
- D. Levine's conservation model
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mishel's uncertainty of illness. This theory focuses on how individuals cope with uncertainty related to illness or health events. In this scenario, the mother is facing unexpected news about her baby's condition, causing her to withdraw as a coping mechanism due to the uncertainty she is experiencing. By utilizing Mishel's theory, nurses can provide support and guidance to help the mother navigate her feelings of uncertainty and develop coping strategies.
Choice B (Orem's self-care deficit model) is not the best fit as it primarily focuses on the individual's ability to perform self-care activities, which may not directly address the mother's emotional response to uncertainty. Choice C (Nightingale's canons of nursing) is more focused on the environmental factors impacting health and may not address the mother's coping needs. Choice D (Levine's conservation model) emphasizes maintaining stability and balance in the body systems, which may not directly address the mother's emotional needs in coping with uncertainty.
An older adult woman who stops using complementary alternative medicine (CAM) becomes disoriented and is given a diagnosis of dementiThe family is upset with the family physician and the CAM practitioner for not diagnosing the condition earlier. Which CAM may have interfered with early detection of the dementia?
- A. Large doses of calcium caused cerebral plaques to form, thereby disguising atrophy of the brain.
- B. Excess doses of folic acid masked a vitamin B deficiency that led to dementia.
- C. Hypnotherapy focused on current pleasant thoughts, eliminating clues to the past.
- D. The electrical current from magnetic fields interfered with normal brain waves, resulting in confusion and inability to concentrate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because large doses of calcium causing cerebral plaques to form can potentially mask the atrophy of the brain, which is a common indicator of dementia on imaging studies. This interference could delay the detection of dementia.
Choice B is incorrect because excess folic acid would not mask a vitamin B deficiency that could lead to dementia. Choice C is incorrect as hypnotherapy focusing on current thoughts would not necessarily eliminate clues to past cognitive decline. Choice D is incorrect because there is no evidence that the electrical current from magnetic fields interferes with normal brain waves in a way that would cause confusion and inability to concentrate.
The appropriate procedure for addressing a cover letter when the applicant is unsure of the name and title of the person to whom the letter should be addressed is to:
- A. address the letter to "To Whom It May Concern."
- B. address the letter to "Nurse Recruiter."
- C. call the facility to inquire about the name and title of the person.
- D. leave the salutation blank if the name and the title are unknown.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: address the letter to "To Whom It May Concern." This is the appropriate procedure when the applicant is unsure of the recipient's name and title. It is a professional and formal way to address a cover letter when the specific recipient is unknown.
Option B is incorrect as addressing the letter to a generic title like "Nurse Recruiter" may not be appropriate if the recipient does not hold that specific title. Option C may be time-consuming and unnecessary if the applicant can use a more general salutation. Option D is incorrect because leaving the salutation blank can come across as unprofessional and lazy.
Which types of abuse are the nurse required to report or be subject to fines and imprisonment for not reporting? (select all that apply)
- A. Animal
- B. Child
- C. Alcohol
- D. Infant
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Child abuse. Nurses are mandated reporters of child abuse, meaning they are legally required to report any suspected or witnessed cases to the appropriate authorities. Failure to report can result in fines and imprisonment. Child abuse is a serious issue that requires immediate intervention to protect the safety and well-being of the child.
Explanation for incorrect choices:
A: Animal abuse - While animal abuse is also a serious concern, nurses are not legally required to report it in the same way as child abuse.
C: Alcohol abuse - Nurses may provide assistance and support for individuals struggling with alcohol abuse, but it is not a mandatory reporting requirement.
D: Infant abuse - While abuse of infants falls under the category of child abuse, the specific term "infant abuse" is not a separate reporting requirement for nurses.