Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client who has an active upper gastrointestinal bleed. After inserting a NG tube into the client, which of the following findings should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Frothy pink drainage
- B. Dark amber drainage
- C. Coffee-ground drainage
- D. Greenish-yellow drainage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Coffee-ground drainage. This indicates upper GI bleed, where blood mixes with gastric acid, forming a coffee-ground appearance. Frothy pink drainage (A) is more common in respiratory issues. Dark amber drainage (B) is typical for lower GI bleeds. Greenish-yellow drainage (D) is not associated with GI bleeding. In this case, the nurse should monitor for coffee-ground drainage to assess the severity of the upper GI bleed.
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Which of the following tubes is surgically inserted into the abdomen but goes to the small intestine?
- A. Orogastric tube
- B. Nasogastric tube
- C. Jejunostomy tube
- D. Gastrostomy tube
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A jejunostomy tube is placed directly into the small intestine for enteral feeding in clients who cannot tolerate gastric feedings.
Patients with GI bleeding may experience an acute or chronic blood loss. The patient is experiencing hematochezi The physician recognizes this as:
- A. Vomiting of bright red or maroon blood.
- B. Black, tarry stool.
- C. Coffee ground emesis.
- D. Red- or maroon-colored stool rectally.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hematochezia refers to the passage of fresh, red or maroon-colored blood from the rectum, often indicating lower GI bleeding.
When teaching a patient about weight reduction diets
- A. the nurse teaches the patient that an appropriate single serving of a food is
- B. a 6-inch bagel.
- C. 1 cup of chopped vegetables.
- D. a piece of cheese the size of three dice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A serving of protein is typically the size of a deck of cards (approximately 3-4 oz), which helps patients understand appropriate portion sizes.
Regarding pancreatic secretion:
- A. Trypsin is secreted in the active form.
- B. CCK stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate.
- C. Secretin stimulates the secretion of enzymes.
- D. Chemotrypsinogen is activated by trypsin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
1. Chemotrypsinogen is the inactive precursor of chymotrypsin.
2. Trypsin activates chemotrypsinogen to form active chymotrypsin.
3. This activation occurs in the small intestine, enabling protein digestion.
Summary:
A: Trypsin is secreted as an inactive zymogen, not in the active form.
B: CCK stimulates enzyme secretion, not bicarbonate.
C: Secretin mainly stimulates bicarbonate secretion, not enzymes.
The mucosal cells of the human colon perform the following functions:
- A. Converting primary bile acids into secondary bile acids
- B. Converting bilirubin into stercobilinogen +
- C. Absorption of Na
- D. Absorption of aromatic amino acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. The mucosal cells of the colon absorb Na to maintain electrolyte balance.
2. Na absorption is crucial for water reabsorption.
3. This process helps regulate stool consistency and prevent dehydration.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - Bile acid conversion primarily occurs in the liver.
B: Incorrect - Bilirubin breakdown mainly occurs in the liver and intestines.
D: Incorrect - Aromatic amino acid absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine.