Nokea
A nurse is caring for a patient with pyelonephritis. What does the nurse identify as the most common cause?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- C. Chlamydia trachomatis
- D. Candida albicans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Escherichia coli. In pyelonephritis, bacteria typically ascend from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys. E. coli is the most common cause due to its prevalence in the gastrointestinal tract and ability to cause urinary tract infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are more commonly associated with sexually transmitted infections, not pyelonephritis. Candida albicans is a fungal infection and is not a common cause of pyelonephritis.
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What is the primary role of practicing nurses in the research process?
- A. Designing research studies
- B. Collecting data for other researchers
- C. Identifying researchable problems
- D. Seeking funding to support research studies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When problems are identified, research can be properly conducteResearch of healthcare issues leads to evidence-based practice guidelines.
A client currently uses a diaphragm and spermicide for contraception. She asks the nurse to explain the major differences between the cervical cap and the diaphragm. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. No spermicide is used with the cervical cap, so it's less messy.
- B. The diaphragm can be left in place longer after intercourse.
- C. Repeated intercourse with the diaphragm is more convenient.
- D. The cervical cap can be safely used for repeated acts of intercourse without adding more spermicide later.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cervical cap can be inserted hours before sexual intercourse without the need for additional spermicide later.
The nurse is providing education for disease prevention to the adult female patient. Which factor puts the patient at a higher risk for multisystem disease processes such as cardiac issues, gynecological issues, and cancers?
- A. Consuming two glasses of wine a week
- B. Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day
- C. Having a body mass index of over 32
- D. Having poor intake of calcium and vegetables
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. Smoking is a major risk factor for multisystem diseases like cardiac issues, gynecological issues, and cancers due to the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke. Smoking is linked to heart disease, lung cancer, cervical cancer, and other health issues.
A: Consuming two glasses of wine a week is not a significant risk factor for multisystem diseases compared to smoking. Moderate alcohol consumption may even have some health benefits.
C: Having a body mass index of over 32 is a risk factor for certain health conditions like diabetes and hypertension, but it is not as directly linked to multisystem diseases as smoking.
D: Having poor intake of calcium and vegetables can lead to deficiencies and certain health issues, but it is not as strongly associated with multisystem diseases as smoking.
Using the family stress theory as an interventional approach for working with families experiencing parenting challenges, the nurse can assist the family in selecting and altering internal context factors. Which statement best describes the components of an internal context?
- A. Biologic and genetic makeup
- B. Maturation of family members
- C. Family's perception of the event
- D. Prevailing cultural beliefs of society
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The family stress theory focuses on a family's reaction to stressful events. Internal context factors include elements that the family can control, like perceptions, family structure, and values. The family's perception of the event directly influences how they cope with it.
The nurse is assessing a patient’s use of complementary and alternative therapies. Which should the nurse document as an alternative or complementary therapy practice? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Practicing yoga daily
- B. Drinking green tea in the morning
- C. Taking omeprazole (Prilosec) once a day
- D. Using aromatherapy during a relaxing bath
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Practicing yoga daily. Yoga is considered a complementary therapy as it focuses on integrating the mind, body, and spirit for overall well-being. It is a holistic approach that complements traditional medical treatments.
- B: Drinking green tea in the morning is a healthy habit but not specifically categorized as a complementary or alternative therapy.
- C: Taking omeprazole is a conventional medication for acid reflux and not considered an alternative or complementary therapy.
- D: Using aromatherapy during a relaxing bath is a complementary therapy, but the question asked for alternative or complementary therapy practices, not both.