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A nurse is conducting a community presentation on heart disease, cholesterol, and risk factors. The nurse determines that the class has been successful when the class identifies which of the following as true?
- A. Low-fat diet raises LDL cholesterol levels
- B. Being overweight causes HDL levels to go up
- C. Physical activity raises HDL cholesterol levels
- D. Excess body weight causes LDL cholesterol to go down
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Saturated fat and cholesterol in the food raises total and LDL cholesterol levels. Being overweight can make LDL cholesterol levels go up and HDL levels go down. Increased physical activity helps to lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol levels.
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The nurse is preparing a client for discharge. The client is prescribed antihyperlipidemic drug therapy. The nurse would include which of the following in the discharge teaching?
- A. Reason for taking the prescribed drug
- B. Drug name
- C. Correct dose
- D. Frequency of administration
- E. Dosage form
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: The nurse should review the reasons for the drug and prescribed therapy, including drug name, form and method of preparation, correct dose, and frequency of administration, as part of a client's discharge counseling.
A client is experiencing constipation due to an antihyperlipidemic drug. The client asks the nurse how to manage this problem. Which suggestion would be most appropriate?
- A. Stop taking the antihyperlipidemic medication
- B. Increase your fluid intake
- C. Eat foods rich in dietary fiber
- D. Be sure to exercise every day
- E. Use a stool softener
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Constipation resulting from an antihyperlipidemic drug can be treated by increasing fluid intake, consuming food rich in dietary fiber, exercising daily, and using a stool softener or laxative if needed.
A client is receiving warfarin therapy as part of the treatment plan for atrial fibrillation. The client is also to begin therapy with cholestyramine. When assessing the client, the nurse would be alert for which of the following?
- A. Bruising
- B. Blood in the stool
- C. Subtherapeutic INR
- D. Supratherapeutic INR
- E. Calf pain and warmth
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: Coadministration of warfarin and cholestyramine can result in a decreased anticoagulant effect, leading to subtherapeutic INR and increased chance of clotting (signs and symptoms of DVT or PE).
A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory test results after being on statin therapy for several months. Which of the following would the nurse interpret as indicating effectiveness of the drug?
- A. Total cholesterol 220 mg/dL
- B. LDL cholesterol 80 mg/dL
- C. HDL cholesterol 30 mg/dL
- D. LDL cholesterol 165 mg/dL
- E. HDL cholesterol 60 mg/dL
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Effectiveness of therapy would be indicated by values that are low or optimal. This would include a total cholesterol below 200 mg/dL, LDL less than 100 mg/dL, and HDL greater than 40 mg/dL.
A client with hypercholesterolemia is prescribed lovastatin. When instructing the client how to take the drug, which of the following would the nurse include?
- A. Taking the drug with his evening meal
- B. Combining the drug with the artificial sweetener aspartame
- C. Mixing the drug with highly fluid soups or pulpy fruits
- D. Taking the drug with grapefruit juice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For the self-administration of lovastatin, the nurse should suggest the client take the drug with his evening meal. Cholestyramine powder is mixed with highly fluid soups or pulpy fruits. Cholestyramine is available combined with the artificial sweetener aspartame. The client should not drink grapefruit juice when taking lovastatin.