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A nurse is educating a group about male infertility. What factor is most likely to affect sperm quality?
- A. Frequent exercise
- B. Use of mobile phones
- C. Exposure to high temperatures
- D. Dietary habits
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, exposure to high temperatures. Sperm quality can be significantly affected by high temperatures as heat can damage sperm production. Elevated scrotal temperatures can impair sperm production and motility. Frequent exercise (choice A) is generally beneficial for overall health, including reproductive function. The use of mobile phones (choice B) has not been definitively linked to male infertility. Dietary habits (choice D) can influence overall health but are not as directly linked to sperm quality as exposure to high temperatures.
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Which statement by a gravid client who is a carrier for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked recessive disease, indicates that she understands the implications of her status?
- A. If I have a girl
- B. she will be healthy.
- C. None of my children will be at risk of the disease.
- D. If I have a boy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Girls of carriers have a 50% chance of being carriers but are not affected unless the father also contributes the defective gene.
A nurse is instructing a couple on timed intercourse to optimize fertility. What advice should the nurse give?
- A. Have intercourse daily throughout the menstrual cycle.
- B. Focus on the fertile window around ovulation.
- C. Avoid intercourse for a week before ovulation.
- D. Only have intercourse after confirming ovulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because focusing on the fertile window around ovulation maximizes the chances of conception. Ovulation is the most fertile time, so timing intercourse during this period increases the likelihood of pregnancy. Having intercourse daily throughout the menstrual cycle (A) may not be necessary and could lead to fatigue. Avoiding intercourse for a week before ovulation (C) decreases the chances of conception as sperm can survive up to 5 days in the female reproductive tract. Only having intercourse after confirming ovulation (D) may miss the optimal window for conception.
What is the purpose of tracking cervical mucus changes during the menstrual cycle?
- A. To identify signs of infection.
- B. To monitor hormone levels.
- C. To predict ovulation.
- D. To determine the luteal phase length.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The purpose of tracking cervical mucus changes during the menstrual cycle is to predict ovulation. Cervical mucus consistency changes throughout the cycle, becoming clear and stretchy around ovulation. This method helps determine the most fertile days for conception. Monitoring hormone levels (B) requires blood tests. Identifying signs of infection (A) involves different symptoms. Determining luteal phase length (D) usually requires tracking basal body temperature.
A female client seeks care at an infertility clinic. Which of the following tests may the client undergo to determine what, if any, infertility problem she may have? Select all that apply.
- A. Chorionic villus sampling.
- B. Endometrial biopsy.
- C. Hysterosalpingogram.
- D. Serum progesterone assay.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tests like endometrial biopsy, hysterosalpingogram, and serum progesterone assay help diagnose infertility causes.
What is the role of hCG in early pregnancy tests?
- A. hCG stimulates ovulation during the menstrual cycle.
- B. hCG levels rise after implantation, confirming pregnancy.
- C. hCG reduces the risk of miscarriage during early pregnancy.
- D. hCG suppresses the menstrual cycle during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) levels rise after implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus, confirming pregnancy. This hormone is produced by the developing placenta and is the key marker used in early pregnancy tests to detect pregnancy.
A is incorrect because hCG does not stimulate ovulation; rather, it is produced after ovulation to support pregnancy.
C is incorrect because while hCG plays a role in supporting pregnancy, it does not directly reduce the risk of miscarriage.
D is incorrect because hCG does not suppress the menstrual cycle; it is actually produced during pregnancy and is essential for maintaining the pregnancy.