Nokea
A woman who is a carrier for sickle cell anemia is advised that if her baby has two recessive genes, the penetrance of the disease is 100%, but the expressivity is variable. Which of the following explanations will clarify this communication for the mother? All babies with 2 recessive sickle cell genes will:
- A. Develop painful vaso-occlusive crises during their first year of life.
- B. Exhibit at least some signs of the disease while in the neonatal nursery.
- C. Show some symptoms of the disease but the severity of the symptoms will be individual.
- D. Be diagnosed with sickle cell trait but will be healthy and disease-free throughout their lives.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Individuals with two recessive genes will have the disease, but symptom severity varies.
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Which statement by a gravid client who is a carrier for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked recessive disease, indicates that she understands the implications of her status?
- A. If I have a girl
- B. she will be healthy.
- C. None of my children will be at risk of the disease.
- D. If I have a boy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Girls of carriers have a 50% chance of being carriers but are not affected unless the father also contributes the defective gene.
At ovulation, the basal body temperature usually:
- A. Rises abruptly and then falls 1 or 2 days after menstruation starts.
- B. Falls and remains low for the last half of the cycle.
- C. Is higher during the first half of the cycle than in the last half.
- D. Falls just before ovulation and is higher during the last half.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Basal body temperature usually rises abruptly at ovulation and then falls 1 or 2 days after menstruation starts. This rise indicates the release of an egg and the shift from the follicular phase to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
A 25-year-old woman, G0 P0000, enters the infertility clinic stating that she has just learned she is positive for the BRCA1 and the BRCA2 genes. She asks the nurse what her options are for getting pregnant and breastfeeding her baby. The nurse should base her reply on which of the following?
- A. Fertility of women who carry the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is similar to that of unaffected women.
- B. Women with these genes should be advised not to have children because the children could inherit the defective genes.
- C. Women with these genes should have their ovaries removed as soon as possible to prevent ovarian cancer.
- D. Lactation is contraindicated for women who carry the BRCA1 and BRCA 2 genes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: BRCA1/2 status does not directly affect fertility or breastfeeding.
Lori, who is 32 years old, is taking clomiphene citrate to induce ovulation and presents to the office for a vaginal ultrasound. Lori mentions experiencing abdominal bloating, nausea, and weight gain of 5 pounds over the past 12 hours. What condition do these symptoms indicate?
- A. Ovulation
- B. Premenstrual syndrome
- C. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- D. Failed ovulation induction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Lori is taking clomiphene citrate which can lead to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
2. Symptoms like abdominal bloating, weight gain, and nausea are characteristic of OHSS.
3. OHSS typically occurs after ovulation induction medications like clomiphene citrate.
4. Therefore, Lori's symptoms indicate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Summary:
A. Ovulation is incorrect as the symptoms suggest a complication of ovulation induction, not ovulation itself.
B. Premenstrual syndrome does not explain the acute symptoms and weight gain.
D. Failed ovulation induction is incorrect as the symptoms are not indicative of failed ovulation but rather an adverse reaction to the medication.
A patient asks why folic acid is recommended before conception. What should the nurse explain?
- A. It improves egg quality for fertilization.
- B. It prevents neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
- C. It reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies.
- D. It enhances hormone levels during ovulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because folic acid is known to prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida in the developing fetus. This is crucial in the early stages of pregnancy when the neural tube is forming. Other choices are incorrect because folic acid does not directly impact egg quality, the risk of multiple pregnancies, or hormone levels during ovulation. Overall, the primary rationale for recommending folic acid before conception is to ensure the proper development of the baby's neural tube.