Nokea
A nurse is planning a presentation about HIV for a church-based group. Which of the following information about HIV transmission should the nurse include?
- A. It is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes.
- B. It is primarily transmitted through accidental puncture wounds.
- C. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
- D. It is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact involving infected fluids like semen or vaginal secretions. Mosquitoes, respiratory droplets, and puncture wounds (rare) don't commonly spread HIV.
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A woman hospitalized with severe preeclampsia is being treated with hydralazine to control blood pressure. Which finding would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is having an adverse effect associated with this drug?
- A. Gastrointestinal bleeding
- B. Sweating
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Blurred vision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydralazine, a vasodilator, can cause reflex tachycardia as blood pressure drops, increasing cardiac strain. Gastrointestinal bleeding, sweating, and blurred vision (a preeclampsia symptom) are not typical adverse effects.
A nurse is assessing a client who may be pregnant. The nurse reviews the client's history for presumptive signs. Which signs would the nurse most likely note? Select all that apply.
- A. Nausea
- B. Abdominal enlargement
- C. Positive pregnancy test
- D. Braxton Hicks contractions
- E. Amenorrhea
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Presumptive signs, subjective or non-definitive, include nausea (hormonal), abdominal enlargement (uterine growth), positive pregnancy test (hCG detection), and amenorrhea (missed periods). Braxton Hicks are probable signs, felt later.
A pregnant woman undergoes a triple/quadruple screen at 16 to 18 weeks' gestation. What would the nurse suspect if the woman's alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level is decreased?
- A. Sickle-cell anemia
- B. Cardiac defects
- C. Down syndrome
- D. Respiratory disorders
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low AFP suggests Down syndrome, often with altered hCG and estriol. Sickle-cell anemia uses other tests, cardiac defects may raise AFP, and respiratory issues don't typically affect AFP levels.
Assessment of a pregnant woman reveals a pigmented line down the middle of her abdomen. The nurse documents this as which finding?
- A. striae gravidarum
- B. linea nigra
- C. vascular spiders
- D. melasma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Linea nigra is a dark line from umbilicus to pubis caused by increased melanin from hormonal changes. Striae gravidarum are stretch marks, vascular spiders are dilated vessels on face or chest, and melasma is facial pigmentation, none matching the abdominal line description.
A pregnant woman is admitted with premature rupture of the membranes. The nurse is assessing the woman closely for possible infection. Which findings would lead the nurse to suspect that the woman is developing an infection? Select all that apply.
- A. Cloudy malodorous fluid
- B. Abdominal tenderness
- C. Fetal bradycardia
- D. Elevated maternal pulse rate
- E. Decreased C-reactive protein levels
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Infection after membrane rupture shows as cloudy, foul fluid (bacterial contamination), abdominal tenderness (inflammation), fetal bradycardia (distress), and elevated pulse (systemic response). Decreased C-reactive protein doesn't indicate infection; it rises with inflammation.