Nokea
A nurse is preparing a scholarly publication on the prevalence of hepatitis A worldwide. The most efficient and effective means of conducting an Internet search to gather information for this publication is to use:
- A. a search engine such as Google or Yahoo.
- B. a consumer health website.
- C. a decision support system.
- D. MEDLINE database.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: MEDLINE database. MEDLINE is a reputable database that provides access to a vast array of peer-reviewed medical literature, making it an excellent resource for scholarly publications. Here's the rationale:
1. Credibility: MEDLINE contains high-quality, peer-reviewed articles from reputable medical journals, ensuring the information obtained is reliable and accurate.
2. Specificity: The database is focused on medical research, including studies on hepatitis A, providing targeted and relevant information for the nurse's publication.
3. Efficiency: Search results in MEDLINE are organized and easily accessible, allowing the nurse to efficiently gather information without sifting through irrelevant sources.
4. Up-to-date: MEDLINE is regularly updated with the latest research findings, ensuring the nurse has access to the most current information on hepatitis A.
In summary, using MEDLINE is the best choice for the nurse as it offers credible, specific, efficient, and up-to-date information compared to the other options.
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A physician shares with the patient's family that, while a central line was being inserted, the patient's lungs were inadvertently punctured, which required oxygen administration. The physician also explains that a chest x-ray indicated the lung remained intact and no additional treatment was required. The physician's role in this instance is based on the legal principle of:
- A. comparative negligence.
- B. gross negligence.
- C. disclosure.
- D. the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: disclosure. In this scenario, the physician shared information about the accidental lung puncture with the patient's family, demonstrating transparency and honesty. This aligns with the legal principle of disclosure, which emphasizes the importance of informing patients and their families about relevant medical information. The physician's actions foster trust and open communication, ensuring that the patient and family are informed about the situation.
Choice A: comparative negligence, is incorrect because it involves assessing the degree of negligence by both parties involved, which is not applicable in this context.
Choice B: gross negligence, is incorrect because the physician's actions do not demonstrate recklessness or a complete disregard for the patient's safety.
Choice D: the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), is incorrect because this law primarily addresses the provision of emergency medical care and ensuring access to necessary services, not the disclosure of medical errors.
Although a hospital reversed all charges when a client was the victim of wrong site surgery, the court awarded the client $5 million. The client was able to return to work in 6 weeks and had no permanent damages. This monetary compensation is termed:
- A. res ipsa loquitur.
- B. punitive damages.
- C. vicarious liability.
- D. immunity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: punitive damages. Punitive damages are awarded to punish the defendant for their wrongful actions. In this case, the hospital's negligence in performing wrong site surgery resulted in harm to the client, even though the hospital reversed the charges. The court awarded $5 million to punish the hospital for their negligence, as the client suffered emotional distress and the potential risk of harm. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: res ipsa loquitur is a legal doctrine used to shift the burden of proof from the plaintiff to the defendant in cases where the negligence is obvious.
C: vicarious liability holds an employer responsible for the actions of their employees, which is not directly applicable in this scenario.
D: immunity refers to protection from legal liability, which is not relevant in a case where the court awarded monetary compensation.
The nurse caring for a patient states, "Your blood pressure is dangerously high. Are you taking antihypertensive medicine?" The patient states, "I can't afford my medicine. I have no insurance." The nurse states "I feel really sorry for that patient. I wish it wasn't against policy to give her money." The nurse wants to help and places a note on Facebook that any donations would be appreciated to help a waitress who works at the cafeteria next door to the hospital buy her medications. The nurse posts that "She was so sick last evening when she came to the ED. I can't believe they don't provide insurance. I can't give her money but you all can help." This nurse:
- A. is showing empathy and as long as she lets the patient know the money is not from her, she is not violating any social media guidelines.
- B. is at risk for HIPAA violations.
- C. has properly followed policy and protected the patient by not using her name.
- D. is demonstrating the logical fallacy of slippery slope.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the nurse is at risk for HIPAA violations by sharing patient information on social media. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects patients' privacy and prohibits healthcare providers from disclosing their health information without consent. In this scenario, the nurse shared specific details about the patient's health condition, visit to the ED, and financial situation, which could easily identify the patient. This violates the patient's right to privacy and confidentiality. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the focus should be on the HIPAA violation rather than empathy, policy following, or logical fallacies. The nurse should have found alternative ways to help the patient without compromising their privacy.
A patient experiences migraine headaches that are not relieved by traditional Western medical practices. The family physician suggests acupuncture, which: (select all that apply)
- A. is based on the belief that meridians are vital for life, and when they are out of balance, pain occurs.
- B. uses strategically placed, slender needles for pain relief.
- C. uses breathing exercises and meditation to relieve pain.
- D. corrects metabolic imbalance through purification regimens.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because acupuncture is indeed based on the belief that meridians, energy pathways in the body, are vital for life and when they are out of balance, pain occurs. Acupuncture aims to restore the balance of these meridians to alleviate pain.
Explanation:
1. Acupuncture theory is rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which emphasizes the flow of energy (Qi) along meridians.
2. By inserting needles at specific points along the meridians, acupuncturists aim to restore the balance of Qi and alleviate pain.
3. Meridian theory is fundamental to the practice of acupuncture and differentiates it from other pain relief modalities.
4. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the core principles of acupuncture and how it works.
Summary:
Option A is correct because it aligns with the foundational principles of acupuncture, focusing on meridians and energy balance. Options B, C, and D are
A patient is ordered a low-protein, low-calorie diet but the patient's family brings fish, lentils, and unleavened bread for a meal to observe a cultural practice. The nurse works with the dietitian to adjust the next few meals to accommodate for this variance. This situation would represent:
- A. a sentinel event.
- B. an adverse event.
- C. patient-centered care.
- D. the communication technique of "call-out."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: patient-centered care. Patient-centered care involves respecting and responding to individual patient preferences, needs, and values. In this scenario, the nurse and dietitian are adjusting the patient's meals to accommodate cultural practices, showing a commitment to providing care that is respectful and responsive to the patient's cultural beliefs. This approach promotes better patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: a sentinel event - This refers to a serious, preventable adverse event, which does not apply in this situation.
B: an adverse event - This typically refers to harm caused by medical care, which is not the case here.
D: the communication technique of "call-out" - This refers to a technique used in healthcare to alert team members to unsafe situations, which is not relevant to the scenario provided.