Gastrointestinal Tract Questions and Answers PDF

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A nurse is preparing to administer a medication via intramuscular (IM) injection. Which of the following sites is considered the safest for administering an IM injection?

  • A. The dorsogluteal site
  • B. The deltoid muscle
  • C. The ventrogluteal site
  • D. The vastus lateralis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The ventrogluteal site is considered the safest for IM injections due to the presence of fewer major blood vessels and nerves, reducing the risk of injury. The site is easily accessible and has a thick muscle mass suitable for medication absorption. To locate the ventrogluteal site, the nurse can ask the patient to lie on their side with the knee slightly flexed. The nurse should locate the greater trochanter and iliac crest, forming a V-shaped area where the injection is administered. The other choices are not as safe as the ventrogluteal site. The dorsogluteal site is not recommended due to proximity to the sciatic nerve and major blood vessels. The deltoid muscle is a smaller muscle and may not be suitable for all types of medications. The vastus lateralis site is more commonly used for pediatric patients or adults with limited muscle mass in other areas.

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Which patient is most likely to be diagnosed with short bowel syndrome?

  • A. History of ulcerative colitis
  • B. Had extensive resection of the ileum
  • C. Diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome
  • D. Had colectomy performed for cancer of the bowel
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Short bowel syndrome occurs most commonly in patients who have had extensive resections of the ileum, as the ileum is responsible for nutrient absorption.

The nurse needs to administer feedings to a client who has diarrhea due to gastroenteritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider?

  • A. Administer feedings at room temperature
  • B. Administer cold feedings
  • C. Administer bolus feedings
  • D. Administer intermittent feedings
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Room temperature feedings reduce gastric irritation, which can help prevent worsening diarrhea.

For an organ lying within a body cavity, the tissue which is farthest away from the inner core or lumen of the organ is called the:

  • A. Muscularis externa
  • B. Serosa
  • C. Mucosa
  • D. Myenteric Plexus
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Serosa. The serosa is the outermost layer of an organ lying within a body cavity. It is composed of connective tissue covered by a layer of mesothelium. This layer is farthest away from the inner core or lumen of the organ. The muscularis externa (choice A) is the layer of muscle tissue located just beneath the serosa. The mucosa (choice C) is the innermost layer of the organ, lining the lumen. The myenteric plexus (choice D) is a network of nerve fibers located between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa, playing a role in regulating gastrointestinal motility.

The nurse recognizes that teaching a patient following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been effective when the patient makes which statement?

  • A. "I can take a shower and walk around the house tomorrow."
  • B. "I need to limit my activities and not return to work for 4 weeks."
  • C. "I can expect yellowish drainage from the incision for a few days."
  • D. "I will follow a low-fat diet for life because I do not have a gallbladder."
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): The statement "I can take a shower and walk around the house tomorrow" indicates an understanding of post-operative activity expectations. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, early ambulation is encouraged to prevent complications like blood clots. Additionally, showering promotes wound healing and hygiene.

Incorrect Choices:
B: "I need to limit my activities and not return to work for 4 weeks" - This choice is incorrect as it overestimates the recovery time for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which typically allows for a quicker return to normal activities.
C: "I can expect yellowish drainage from the incision for a few days" - While drainage is common after surgery, the color and duration mentioned are not typical for this procedure.
D: "I will follow a low-fat diet for life because I do not have a gallbladder" - Following a low-fat diet is recommended after surgery, but the statement is too extreme as dietary

What role does the pancreas play in digestion?

  • A. producing bile
  • B. producing enzymes
  • C. storing nutrients
  • D. absorbing vitamins
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: producing enzymes. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease that help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These enzymes are crucial for proper digestion and nutrient absorption.

A: The pancreas does not produce bile. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
C: The pancreas does not store nutrients. Nutrient storage mainly occurs in the liver and adipose tissue.
D: The pancreas does not absorb vitamins. Vitamin absorption primarily takes place in the small intestine.

In summary, the pancreas plays a vital role in digestion by producing enzymes that aid in the breakdown of food components.

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