Nokea
A nurse is preparing to administer Amoxicillin 20 mg/kg/day PO to divide equally every 12 hr to a preschooler who weighs 44 lb. The amount available is amoxicillin suspension 250 mg/5 mL. how many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)
- A. 4
- B. 7
- C. 1
- D. 10
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calculation: 44 lb = 20 kg; 20 mg/kg/day 20 kg = 400 mg/day; 400 mg ÷ 2 doses = 200 mg/dose; 200 mg ÷ (250 mg/5 mL) = 4 mL, matching the answer.
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All of the following statements about efficacy and potency are true EXCEPT:
- A. Efficacy is usually a more important clinical consideration than potency
- B. Efficacy is the maximum effect of a drug
- C. Potency is a comparative measure, refers to the different doses of two drugs that are needed to produce the same effect
- D. The ED50 is a measure of drug's efficacy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ED50 measures potency (dose for 50% effect), not efficacy (maximal effect).
Flushing occurs when alcohol is taken along with
- A. Phenformin
- B. Chlorpropamide
- C. Glibenclamide
- D. Tolbutamide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chlorpropamide causes a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, leading to flushing.
The following relationship exist adrenal steroidal hormones, corticotropin and hypothalamic hormones.
- A. Short direct connection
- B. Long direct connection
- C. Short negative feedback
- D. Long negative feedback
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adrenal steroids, corticotropin (ACTH), and hypothalamic CRH form a long negative feedback loop in the HPA axis.
There is a narrow margin between first appearance of adverse reaction to AChE inhibitors and serious toxic effects. Adverse reactions that require immediate action include:
- A. Dizziness and headache
- B. Nausea
- C. Decreased salivation
- D. Fasciculations of voluntary muscles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fasciculations indicate potential cholinergic crisis, requiring urgent intervention.
The standard dosage of St John's wort for the treatment of mild depression is:
- A. 300 mg daily
- B. 100 mg three times a day
- C. 300 mg three times a day
- D. 600 mg three times a day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 300 mg three times daily is the standard dose for St John's wort in mild depression.