Nokea
A nurse is taking care of a client with a parathyroid disorder. Which of the following nutrients does a client with hypoparathyroidism need more of?
- A. Potassium
- B. Calcium
- C. Magnesium
- D. Sodium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients with hypoparathyroidism need more calcium, as the condition involves low calcium levels due to insufficient parathyroid hormone.
You may also like to solve these questions
Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?
- A. It causes positive feedback.
- B. It does not require a second messenger to effect a response.
- C. It is very specific in the cell type it targets.
- D. It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroxine does not require a second messenger to effect a response. Thyroxine is a non-peptide hormone derived from the amino acid tyrosine, not a peptide hormone. It acts directly on the cell by binding to nuclear receptors, which then bind to specific regions of DNA to regulate gene expression. This mechanism is different from peptide hormones, which typically require second messengers like cAMP or calcium to transmit their signal inside the cell. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because thyroxine does not cause positive feedback, is not highly specific in cell targeting, and does not target all cells for cellular metabolism stimulation.
Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ?
- A. pituitary
- B. hypothalamus
- C. pancreas
- D. adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is considered a neuroendocrine organ because it produces and releases hormones that regulate the pituitary gland's hormonal secretion. It acts as a bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system, controlling various physiological processes. The pituitary gland (choice A) is a master endocrine gland, not a neuroendocrine organ. The pancreas (choice C) is an exocrine and endocrine gland involved in blood sugar regulation. The adrenal cortex (choice D) is part of the adrenal glands responsible for producing steroid hormones, not considered a neuroendocrine organ.
PTH activates vitamin D, which aids in the absorption of:
- A. calcium.
- B. Vitamin C.
- C. iron.
- D. phosphate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: calcium. PTH (parathyroid hormone) activates vitamin D, which in turn helps in the absorption of calcium in the intestines. This is crucial for maintaining bone health and normal calcium levels in the blood. Vitamin C (Choice B) is not directly related to PTH or vitamin D in calcium absorption. Iron (Choice C) absorption is influenced by factors other than PTH and vitamin D. Phosphate (Choice D) absorption is primarily regulated by fibroblast growth factor 23 and not by PTH or vitamin D. Thus, the correct answer is A as it directly corresponds to the role of PTH and vitamin D in calcium absorption.
Which of the following could antagonize renal vasodilation induced by dopamine:
- A. Propranolol
- B. Atropine
- C. Prazosin
- D. Haloperidol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Haloperidol. Haloperidol is a dopamine receptor antagonist, which means it blocks dopamine receptors. Dopamine induces renal vasodilation by acting on dopamine receptors in the kidneys. Therefore, blocking these receptors with haloperidol would antagonize the renal vasodilation effect of dopamine.
A: Propranolol is a beta-blocker that acts on beta receptors, not dopamine receptors.
B: Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist and does not affect dopamine receptors.
C: Prazosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist and does not target dopamine receptors.
Hyperglycemia:
- A. is caused by excess insulin.
- B. causes glucosuria and polyuria.
- C. causes hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.
- D. is characteristic of adrenal insufficiency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperglycemia leads to glucosuria and polyuria because when blood glucose levels are high, the kidneys cannot reabsorb all the glucose, leading to glucose spilling into the urine (glucosuria) and drawing more water into the urine, resulting in increased urine production (polyuria). This process helps to lower blood glucose levels. Other options are incorrect as hyperglycemia is not caused by excess insulin (A), does not cause hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia (C), and is not characteristic of adrenal insufficiency (D).