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A nurse is teaching about sperm freezing for fertility preservation. What should be included in the education?
- A. Sperm freezing is only effective for men over 40 years old.
- B. Frozen sperm can be stored indefinitely with proper conditions.
- C. Sperm quality improves after freezing and thawing.
- D. Frozen sperm must be used within one year.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because frozen sperm can indeed be stored indefinitely with proper conditions such as constant low temperatures. This allows men to preserve their fertility for an extended period. Choice A is incorrect as sperm freezing is effective for men of all ages, not just those over 40. Choice C is incorrect because sperm quality may decline slightly after freezing and thawing. Choice D is incorrect as properly stored frozen sperm can maintain viability for many years, not just within one year.
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Which situation best describes secondary infertility in a couple?
- A. Never conceived.
- B. Had repeated spontaneous abortions.
- C. Not conceived after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.
- D. Has one child but cannot conceive a second time.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because secondary infertility refers to the inability of a couple to conceive after having one or more children without any fertility issues. This situation indicates that the couple had a successful pregnancy in the past but is now facing difficulties conceiving again.
A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Never conceived - This does not align with the definition of secondary infertility as it involves a previous successful pregnancy.
B: Had repeated spontaneous abortions - This refers to recurrent pregnancy loss, not secondary infertility.
C: Not conceived after 1 year of unprotected intercourse - This describes primary infertility, not secondary infertility.
A patient undergoing ovarian stimulation reports mild bloating and abdominal discomfort. What is the nurse's appropriate response?
- A. These symptoms may indicate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and need monitoring.
- B. These symptoms are not related to ovarian stimulation.
- C. Abdominal discomfort guarantees successful ovulation.
- D. These symptoms suggest the treatment is ineffective.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because bloating and abdominal discomfort can be early signs of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, a serious condition that requires monitoring. Choice B is incorrect as these symptoms can indeed be related to ovarian stimulation. Choice C is incorrect as abdominal discomfort does not guarantee successful ovulation. Choice D is incorrect as these symptoms do not necessarily suggest treatment ineffectiveness. Monitoring and assessing for signs of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are crucial in this scenario.
A couple is considering ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) as part of IVF. What should the nurse explain?
- A. ICSI is only used for couples with unexplained infertility.
- B. ICSI involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg.
- C. ICSI guarantees fertilization and successful pregnancy.
- D. ICSI eliminates the need for ovarian stimulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ICSI involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg to facilitate fertilization. This method is used when there are issues with sperm quality or quantity. It is not limited to couples with unexplained infertility (choice A), does not guarantee successful pregnancy (choice C), and does not eliminate the need for ovarian stimulation (choice D). Therefore, choice B is the most accurate explanation of what ICSI entails.
Once oogenesis is complete, the resultant gamete cell contains how many chromosomes?
- A. 23
- B. 46
- C. 47
- D. 92
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oogenesis results in a haploid gamete with 23 chromosomes.
A couple is seeking infertility counseling. During the history, it is noted that the man is a cancer survivor, drinks one beer every night with dinner, and takes a sauna every day after work. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. It is unlikely that any of these factors is affecting his fertility.
- B. Daily alcohol consumption could be causing his infertility problems.
- C. Sperm may be malformed when exposed to the heat of the sauna.
- D. Cancer survivors have the same fertility rates as healthy males.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exposure to high temperatures, such as those in saunas, can impair spermatogenesis and lead to malformed sperm, making this a significant factor in male infertility.