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A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of preconception education. Which statement by the client indicates additional education is needed?
- A. I know smoking is harmful in pregnancy, so I plan to quit soon. My husband has agreed to avoid smoking in my presence.
- B. I have started taking a daily prenatal vitamin with folic acid.
- C. My husband bought a small desk for his laptop computer.
- D. We plan to avoid the use of chemicals in our garden this year.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because buying a small desk for a laptop computer is unrelated to preconception education. This statement does not demonstrate any understanding or action related to preparing for a healthy pregnancy. Choices A, B, and D all show a proactive approach towards preconception health by addressing smoking cessation, prenatal vitamin intake with folic acid, and avoiding harmful chemicals, respectively.
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A client is to have a hysterosalpingogram. In this procedure, the physician will be able to determine which of the following?
- A. Whether or not the ovaries are maturing properly.
- B. If the endometrium is fully vascularized.
- C. If the cervix is incompetent.
- D. Whether or not the fallopian tubes are obstructed.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hysterosalpingogram uses contrast dye to visualize the fallopian tubes and uterus, identifying obstructions.
A client, G4 P4004, states that her husband has just been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), an autosomal dominant disease. The husband is heterozygous for PKD, while the client has no PKD genes. The client states, 'I have not had our children tested because they have such a slim chance of inheriting the disease. We intend to wait until they are teenagers to do the testing.' The nurse should base her reply on which of the following?
- A. Because affected individuals rarely exhibit symptoms before age 60
- B. the children should be allowed to wait until they are adults to be tested.
- C. The woman may be exhibiting signs of denial since each of the couple's children has a 50/50 chance of developing the disease.
- D. Because the majority of the renal cysts that develop in affected individuals are harmless
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Each child of a heterozygous parent has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene.
A nurse is teaching about sperm freezing for fertility preservation. What should be included in the education?
- A. Sperm freezing is only effective for men over 40 years old.
- B. Frozen sperm can be stored indefinitely with proper conditions.
- C. Sperm quality improves after freezing and thawing.
- D. Frozen sperm must be used within one year.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because frozen sperm can indeed be stored indefinitely with proper conditions such as constant low temperatures. This allows men to preserve their fertility for an extended period. Choice A is incorrect as sperm freezing is effective for men of all ages, not just those over 40. Choice C is incorrect because sperm quality may decline slightly after freezing and thawing. Choice D is incorrect as properly stored frozen sperm can maintain viability for many years, not just within one year.
During a fertility consultation, a couple inquires about polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). What should the nurse include in the explanation?
- A. PCOS only affects a woman's menstrual cycle.
- B. PCOS can cause irregular ovulation and hormonal imbalances.
- C. PCOS is not related to weight or lifestyle factors.
- D. PCOS has no impact on fertility treatment outcomes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: PCOS is a complex hormonal disorder affecting women's reproductive systems.
Step 2: It can lead to irregular ovulation, making it difficult to conceive.
Step 3: Hormonal imbalances in PCOS can affect fertility by disrupting the menstrual cycle.
Step 4: Therefore, the nurse should include that PCOS can cause irregular ovulation and hormonal imbalances in the explanation.
Summary: Option B is correct as it highlights the key features of PCOS impacting fertility. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because PCOS affects more than just the menstrual cycle, it is related to weight and lifestyle factors, and it can impact fertility treatment outcomes.
A patient undergoing ovarian stimulation is concerned about side effects. What should the nurse include in patient education?
- A. Side effects are rare and do not require monitoring.
- B. Mild bloating and mood changes are common during stimulation.
- C. The risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is negligible.
- D. Stimulation guarantees the production of high-quality eggs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
Bloating and mood changes are common side effects of ovarian stimulation due to hormonal changes. Educating the patient about this prepares them for possible discomfort. Incorrect choices: A is incorrect as side effects are common and may require monitoring. C is incorrect as OHSS is a potential serious complication. D is incorrect as stimulation does not guarantee egg quality.