Questions Respiratory System

Questions Respiratory System Related

Review Questions Respiratory System related questions and content

A nurse observes that a client's anteroposterior (AP) chest diameter is the same as the lateral chest diameter. Which question should the nurse ask the client in response to this finding?

  • A. Are you taking any medications or herbal supplements?
  • B. Do you have any chronic breathing problems?
  • C. How often do you perform aerobic exercise?
  • D. What is your occupation and what are your hobbies?
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do you have any chronic breathing problems? This question is relevant because equal AP and lateral chest diameters can indicate a condition called barrel chest, often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clients with COPD may have increased chest diameters due to air trapping. Asking about chronic breathing problems can help the nurse further assess the client's respiratory status.

Choice A is incorrect because medications or herbal supplements are not directly related to equal AP and lateral chest diameters. Choice C is incorrect as aerobic exercise frequency does not typically impact chest diameters in this manner. Choice D is also incorrect as occupation and hobbies are not likely to be directly linked to equal chest diameters.

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The nurse is caring for a patient with a lower respiratory tract infection. When planning a focused respiratory assessment, the nurse should know that this type of infection most often causes what?

  • A. Impaired gas exchange
  • B. Collapsed bronchial structures
  • C. Necrosis of the alveoli
  • D. Closed bronchial tree
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Lower respiratory tract infection affects the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Step 2: Infections can lead to inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs.
Step 3: This impairs the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Step 4: Impaired gas exchange can lead to hypoxemia and respiratory distress.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is A: Impaired gas exchange. Other choices are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the physiological consequences of a lower respiratory tract infection.

All of the following are unpaired cartilage except.

  • A. cricoid cartilage
  • B. epiglottis
  • C. Corniculate cartilage
  • D. thyroid
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Corniculate cartilage. Corniculate cartilage is a paired cartilage found in the larynx, specifically at the apex of the arytenoids. The other choices, such as cricoid cartilage, epiglottis, and thyroid cartilage, are all unpaired cartilages. Cricoid cartilage is a complete ring, the epiglottis is a leaf-shaped cartilage, and the thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage in the larynx. Therefore, Corniculate cartilage is the only paired cartilage among the options provided.

A patient with a lung mass found on chest x-ray is undergoing further testing. The nurse explains that a diagnosis of lung cancer can be confirmed using which diagnostic test?

  • A. Lung tomograms
  • B. Pulmonary angiography
  • C. Biopsy done via bronchoscopy
  • D. Computed tomography (CT) scans
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A biopsy done via bronchoscopy is a common method to confirm a diagnosis of lung cancer by obtaining tissue samples for analysis.

The home health nurse is educating a 60-year-old patient with emphysema with a nutritional deficit. Which instructions should the nurse avoid including in the teaching plan to address this problem?

  • A. Rest before eating.
  • B. Avoiding gas-producing foods.
  • C. Eat four to six small meals instead of three large meals.
  • D. Lie down after eating.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because lying down after eating can increase the risk of acid reflux and heartburn in patients with emphysema.

A: Rest before eating is important as it can reduce shortness of breath during meals.
B: Avoiding gas-producing foods can help prevent bloating and discomfort.
C: Eating four to six small meals instead of three large meals is beneficial for easier digestion and energy management.

In summary, D is incorrect because it can worsen symptoms, while A, B, and C are all helpful strategies for managing nutritional deficits in patients with emphysema.

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of asthma?

  • A. Production of abnormally thick
  • B. sticky mucus in lungs
  • C. Faulty transport of sodium in lung cells
  • D. Paroxysms or shortness of breath
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Paroxysms of shortness of breath are classic symptoms of asthma. A (thick mucus) is associated with cystic fibrosis. B (faulty sodium transport) relates to cystic fibrosis. D (altered electrolytes) is unrelated to asthma.

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