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A nurse resigns from a position in a hospital to accept a job in a community setting. After starting the new job, the nurse feels helpless and confused, wondering if this was the right
- A. Which of the following terms best describes how the nurse is feeling?
- B. Cultural conflict
- C. Cultural relativism
- D. Culture shock
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Culture shock. This term describes the feelings of confusion, helplessness, and uncertainty that individuals experience when they are exposed to a new culture or environment. In this scenario, the nurse is transitioning from a hospital setting to a community setting, leading to a sense of disorientation and discomfort. Cultural conflict (B) refers to disagreements or tensions arising from cultural differences, not the nurse's internal feelings. Cultural relativism (C) is a concept that suggests understanding and accepting different cultural perspectives, which is not directly related to the nurse's personal experience. Choice E, F, and G are not relevant to the nurse's situation.
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Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
- A. Families and groups
- B. Illness-oriented care
- C. Individuals within the family unit
- D. Promotion of quality of life
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Promotion of quality of life. Public health nursing primarily focuses on improving the overall health and well-being of communities by promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing diseases, and enhancing quality of life. This includes addressing social determinants of health and advocating for policies that support health equity. Choices A, B, and C are more focused on individual or group care rather than population health. Choice A emphasizes families and groups, while choice B centers on illness rather than prevention. Choice C focuses on individuals within the family unit rather than the broader community. Thus, the correct answer, D, aligns best with the core principles of public health nursing.
The nurse often has to make resource allocation decisions. Which of the following best describes the
- A. The specific moral or ethical principle related to the situation
- B. The cheapest, most economical approach
- C. The most rational probable outcome
- D. The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The specific moral or ethical principle related to the situation. In resource allocation decisions, nurses must consider ethical principles such as beneficence, justice, autonomy, and nonmaleficence. By applying these principles, nurses can ensure fair and ethical distribution of resources. Choice B (The cheapest, most economical approach) may not always align with ethical principles and could compromise quality of care. Choice C (The most rational probable outcome) may not necessarily consider ethical implications. Choice D (The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals) could lead to neglecting individual patient needs.
To meet a client's needs, it is sometimes necessary to integrate into the client's care a culturally relevant practice that lacks scientific utility. Which term describes this action?
- A. Cultural accommodation
- B. Cultural awareness
- C. Cultural preservation
- D. Cultural repatterning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cultural accommodation. This term refers to the adaptation of healthcare practices to align with a client's cultural beliefs and practices, even if they may not have scientific evidence. It recognizes the importance of respecting and incorporating diverse cultural perspectives to provide effective care.
Choice B, Cultural awareness, focuses on understanding different cultures but does not necessarily involve modifying practices. Choice C, Cultural preservation, refers to maintaining traditional cultural practices without adaptation. Choice D, Cultural repatterning, involves changing cultural practices to align with evidence-based approaches, which is opposite to the scenario described in the question.
Persons in an auditorium may have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that
- A. The negative predictive value
- B. The positive predictive value
- C. The sensitivity of the test
- D. The specificity of the test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The negative predictive value. In this scenario, it is crucial to know the likelihood of a person not being infected if the test result is negative. Negative predictive value assesses the probability of a person truly being disease-free when the test result is negative. This is important for determining the risk of spreading the disease within the auditorium.
Explanation for other choices:
B: The positive predictive value - While important in clinical settings, in this case, determining the accuracy of positive test results is not as critical as ruling out disease transmission.
C: The sensitivity of the test - Sensitivity measures the ability of the test to correctly identify those with the disease, not necessarily ruling out disease transmission among those with negative results.
D: The specificity of the test - Specificity measures the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease, which is not directly related to preventing disease spread in this context.
Which action by a nurse promotes a welcoming environment for culturally diverse clients?
- A. Calling the client by the name on their birth certificate
- B. Using a family member to interpret for a client with LEP
- C. Displaying brochures and posters that represent diversity
- D. Providing a client's bill of rights in languages other than English
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because displaying brochures and posters that represent diversity promotes a welcoming environment for culturally diverse clients by showing inclusivity and respect for different backgrounds. This visual representation can help clients feel understood and valued. Calling a client by the name on their birth certificate (A) may not align with their preferred name and cultural identity. Using a family member to interpret (B) can lead to inaccuracies, breaches confidentiality, and hinders effective communication. Providing a client's bill of rights in different languages (D) is important but may not directly promote a welcoming environment as effectively as visual representation of diversity.