Nokea
a nurse working in an infectious disease clinic is caring for a client has a new diagnosis of Lyme disease. which of the following agencies is responsible for voluntarily reporting cases of this disease to the centers for disease control and prevention
- A. office of the surgeon general
- B. state health department
- C. hospital infection control department
- D. local red cross chapter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: office of the surgeon general. The office of the surgeon general is responsible for overseeing public health initiatives, including the surveillance and reporting of infectious diseases like Lyme disease to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The surgeon general plays a crucial role in coordinating efforts to monitor and control disease outbreaks at the national level. The state health department (choice B) focuses on local and state-level reporting, while the hospital infection control department (choice C) is responsible for internal infection control measures within healthcare facilities. The local Red Cross chapter (choice D) primarily deals with disaster relief and community support, not disease reporting.
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a nurse is providing education to a group of adolescents who are pregnant and attending high school. which of the following information should the nurse include in theirteaching?
- A. the need for supplemental folic acid is greatest during the third trimester
- B. the incidence of high birth weight infants is higher in adolescent pregnancy
- C. pregnant adolescent need to gain less weight than adult mothers
- D. caffeinated beverages should be replaced with caffeine-free beverages
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because during the third trimester, the baby's neural tube is rapidly developing, making folic acid crucial to prevent birth defects. Choice B is incorrect as adolescent pregnancy is associated with higher rates of low birth weight infants, not high birth weight. Choice C is incorrect as pregnant adolescents need to gain a similar amount of weight as adult mothers to support fetal growth. Choice D is incorrect as moderate caffeine intake is generally considered safe during pregnancy.
a nurse at a local health department is caring for several clients. which of the following infections should the nurse report to the state health department?
- A. chlamydia
- B. herpes simplex virus
- C. group B Streptococcus B hemolytic
- D. human papillornavirus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: herpes simplex virus. The nurse should report herpes simplex virus to the state health department because it is a notifiable infectious disease that requires monitoring for public health purposes. Herpes simplex virus can be transmitted through various means, including sexual contact, and can cause recurrent outbreaks and complications. Reporting to the state health department allows for tracking of the infection, implementing control measures, and preventing further spread. Other choices (A, C, D) are also important infections but may not require immediate reporting to the state health department as they are not typically considered notifiable diseases.
which of the following .........should the nurse include
- A. .............should be placed beside the child’s bed
- B. house hold contacts will receive prophylactic antibiotics
- C. transmission will be emitted because of herd immunity
- D. the child is most contagious after the rash develops
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should include information about transmission being limited due to herd immunity. This is important because herd immunity occurs when a large portion of the community becomes immune to a disease, reducing the chances of transmission even to those who are not immune. This information is crucial for preventing the spread of infectious diseases within a community.
Choice A is incorrect as it does not provide relevant information about disease transmission or prevention. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on treatment rather than prevention of transmission. Choice D is incorrect as it provides inaccurate information about the timing of contagion.
a nurse is counseling a client who is to undergo enzyme linked immunosorbent assay testing for hiv. which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. the test monitors progression of the disease
- B. the test measures antibodies to the virus
- C. the test results are accurate 24 hr. after exposure to the virus
- D. a positive result requires initiating immunoglobulin administration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: the test measures antibodies to the virus. In enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing for HIV, antibodies produced by the body in response to the virus are detected. This helps in diagnosing HIV infection. Monitoring disease progression (choice A) requires other tests like viral load testing. Test results are not accurate within 24 hours of exposure (choice C) as it takes time for antibodies to develop. Initiating immunoglobulin administration (choice D) is not necessary for all positive results and depends on the individual's condition.
a community health clinic nurse manager is reviewing the incidence rate of chlamydia in the state. in a given year, 3144 new cases were reported and the population was estimated at 325,986. which of the following is the incidence rate in the state for the year?
- A. about 300 reported cases per 100,000 population
- B. about 1 reported case per 10,000 population
- C. about 10 reported cases per 1000 population
- D. about 3 reported cases per 10,000 population
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: about 10 reported cases per 1000 population. To calculate the incidence rate, you divide the number of new cases (3144) by the total population (325,986) and then multiply by 1000 to get the rate per 1000 population. So, (3144/325,986)*1000 ≈ 9.64, which rounds up to 10. Choice A is incorrect as it overestimates the incidence rate. Choice B is incorrect as it underestimates the rate. Choice D is incorrect as it also underestimates the rate.