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a nurse working in an infectious disease clinic is caring for a client has a new diagnosis of Lyme disease. which of the following agencies is responsible for voluntarily reporting cases of this disease to the centers for disease control and prevention
- A. office of the surgeon general
- B. state health department
- C. hospital infection control department
- D. local red cross chapter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: office of the surgeon general. The office of the surgeon general is responsible for overseeing public health initiatives, including the surveillance and reporting of infectious diseases like Lyme disease to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The surgeon general plays a crucial role in coordinating efforts to monitor and control disease outbreaks at the national level. The state health department (choice B) focuses on local and state-level reporting, while the hospital infection control department (choice C) is responsible for internal infection control measures within healthcare facilities. The local Red Cross chapter (choice D) primarily deals with disaster relief and community support, not disease reporting.
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a community health clinic nurse manager is reviewing the incidence rate of chlamydia in the state. in a given year, 3144 new cases were reported and the population was estimated at 325,986. which of the following is the incidence rate in the state for the year?
- A. about 300 reported cases per 100,000 population
- B. about 1 reported case per 10,000 population
- C. about 10 reported cases per 1000 population
- D. about 3 reported cases per 10,000 population
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: about 10 reported cases per 1000 population. To calculate the incidence rate, you divide the number of new cases (3144) by the total population (325,986) and then multiply by 1000 to get the rate per 1000 population. So, (3144/325,986)*1000 ≈ 9.64, which rounds up to 10. Choice A is incorrect as it overestimates the incidence rate. Choice B is incorrect as it underestimates the rate. Choice D is incorrect as it also underestimates the rate.
a nurse is discussing short and long term goals with a client who has alcohol use disorder and is being admitted to a treatment facility. which of the following statements is appropriate for the nurse to include in the discussion?
- A. you will be taking a once weekly dose of disulfiram to help control withdrawal symptoms during treatment
- B. remaining physically active will help to minimize drowsiness and chills associated with initial alcohol withdrawal.
- C. attending Al anon meetings will help you identify a role model to assist you with making needed changes
- D. you will begin learning functional skills to replace defense mechanisms and behaviors while in treatment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Remaining physically active can help minimize drowsiness and chills associated with initial alcohol withdrawal. Physical activity can help regulate mood, reduce anxiety, and improve overall well-being during withdrawal. It can also distract from cravings and provide a healthy coping mechanism.
Choice A is incorrect because disulfiram is not used to control withdrawal symptoms but rather as a deterrent to drinking by causing unpleasant reactions if alcohol is consumed.
Choice C is incorrect because Al-Anon meetings are for family and friends of individuals struggling with alcohol use disorder, not for the individual themselves.
Choice D is incorrect because learning functional skills is important for long-term recovery but may not specifically address initial withdrawal symptoms.
A nurse is planning priority actions for a community health initiative. Which of the following should be prioritized?
- A. Encourage enrollment and attendance at weight reduction programs.
- B. Educate children at a daycare center about nutrition and exercise.
- C. Distribute health risk appraisal questionnaires at community functions.
- D. Measure the BMI of older adults at a community senior center.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Distribute health risk appraisal questionnaires at community functions. This is prioritized because it helps identify health risks at a population level, enabling targeted interventions. Choice A focuses on individual weight reduction, not community health. Choice B targets a specific group, neglecting the broader community. Choice D only addresses one aspect of health in a specific population.
The partner of an older adult client who has Alzheimer’s disease reports that he is not eating. The partner refuses to assist with feeding. Which of the following is the priority action the nurse should take?
- A. Arrange for Meals on Wheels assistance.
- B. Determine the client’s ability to self-feed.
- C. Direct the home health aide to assist with meals.
- D. Refer the client’s partner to an Alzheimer’s support group.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Determine the client's ability to self-feed. The priority action is to assess the client's capacity to feed themselves independently. This is crucial in identifying any issues or barriers the client may be facing in terms of feeding. By determining the client's ability to self-feed, the nurse can develop an appropriate plan of care tailored to the client's specific needs.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the immediate concern of evaluating the client's ability to feed themselves. While arranging for Meals on Wheels or directing the home health aide to assist with meals may be helpful interventions, they do not address the root cause of the issue. Referring the client's partner to an Alzheimer's support group may be beneficial in the long term but does not address the immediate need to assess the client's ability to self-feed.
a community health nurse is planning a program for adolescents about preventing
- A. STIs. which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- B. collect data to identify barriers to learning
- C. establish methods to evaluate program outcomes
- D. obtain visual aids that feature adolescents
- E. provide computer based education
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: establish methods to evaluate program outcomes. This is the first step because without knowing how to measure the success of the program, the nurse won't be able to determine its effectiveness in preventing STIs. By establishing evaluation methods, the nurse can track progress, identify areas for improvement, and ensure the program is meeting its goals. Collecting data (B) and obtaining visual aids (D) are important steps, but evaluating outcomes should come first. Providing computer-based education (E) may be a useful method, but it's not the initial priority.