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A patient asks about the purpose of progesterone injections after embryo transfer. What should the nurse explain?
- A. They increase the number of eggs released in future cycles.
- B. They support the uterine lining for implantation and pregnancy maintenance.
- C. They prevent ovarian cyst formation during fertility treatment.
- D. They reduce pregnancy symptoms such as nausea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Progesterone injections support the uterine lining for implantation and pregnancy maintenance. Progesterone is essential for preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining a pregnancy. After embryo transfer, progesterone helps thicken the uterine lining, making it more receptive to the embryo for successful implantation. Other choices are incorrect: A is incorrect because progesterone does not affect the number of eggs released in future cycles; C is incorrect because progesterone does not prevent ovarian cyst formation; D is incorrect because while progesterone can help alleviate some pregnancy symptoms, its primary role is in supporting the uterine lining for pregnancy.
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During fertility counseling, a patient asks about the impact of age on female fertility. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Female fertility remains constant until menopause.
- B. Fertility begins to decline significantly after age 35.
- C. Age only affects fertility if other health issues are present.
- D. Fertility is unaffected by age until the age of 50.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because fertility significantly declines after age 35 due to a decrease in the quantity and quality of eggs. As women age, the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in eggs increases, impacting fertility. Other choices are incorrect because fertility does not remain constant until menopause (A), age affects fertility regardless of other health issues (C), and fertility starts declining well before the age of 50 (D).
The nurse is analyzing the pedigree shown below. How should the nurse interpret the genotype of the individuals in locations IV-9 and IV-10?
- A. Fraternal twins.
- B. Unaffected couple.
- C. Proband and sister.
- D. Known heterozygotes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symbols indicate known heterozygotes.
A couple has just seen a genetic specialist regarding genetic anomalies of their infant. The specialist has ordered a karyotype to be performed. What should the nurse inform the couple about karyotyping?
- A. Karyotyping will reveal if your infant's head is growing appropriately.
- B. Karyotyping will reveal if your baby will develop normally.
- C. Karyotyping will provide information about the number and structure of the chromosomes.
- D. Karyotyping will detect any present or future physical deformities your infant has or may have.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Karyotyping involves analyzing an individual's chromosomes to identify any abnormalities.
2. It provides information about the number and structure of chromosomes, which can indicate genetic disorders.
3. This information is crucial for diagnosing genetic conditions and predicting possible health outcomes.
4. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as karyotyping does not assess growth, development, or physical deformities directly.
What is the purpose of progesterone supplementation after embryo transfer in IVF?
- A. To induce ovulation for the next cycle.
- B. To support the uterine lining and enhance implantation success.
- C. To suppress natural hormone levels for better control.
- D. To eliminate the risk of multiple pregnancies.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To support the uterine lining and enhance implantation success. Progesterone supplementation is crucial after embryo transfer in IVF because it helps prepare the uterine lining for implantation and provides hormonal support to maintain a pregnancy. Progesterone is essential for the embryo to implant and for the early stages of pregnancy to progress. Therefore, the purpose of progesterone supplementation is to enhance the chances of successful implantation and support early pregnancy development.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: To induce ovulation for the next cycle - Progesterone supplementation is not used to induce ovulation after embryo transfer in IVF. Ovulation should have already occurred before the embryo transfer.
C: To suppress natural hormone levels for better control - Progesterone supplementation is not used to suppress hormone levels but rather to support hormonal balance during the implantation phase.
D: To eliminate the risk of multiple pregnancies - Progesterone
A patient asks about the effects of smoking on male fertility. What should the nurse include in the response?
- A. Smoking increases testosterone levels, improving fertility.
- B. Smoking affects sperm count, motility, and morphology.
- C. Smoking has no significant impact on male reproductive health.
- D. Smoking only affects fertility when combined with alcohol use.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because smoking has been proven to negatively impact male fertility by reducing sperm count, motility, and morphology. Nicotine and other harmful chemicals in cigarettes can damage sperm DNA and affect reproductive health. Choice A is incorrect as smoking actually decreases testosterone levels. Choice C is incorrect as smoking does have a significant impact on male reproductive health. Choice D is incorrect because smoking alone can still affect male fertility without the need for alcohol use.