Nokea
A patient has an atherosclerotic plaque in the middle cerebral artery. What does the nurse recognize about this patient's situation?
- A. Assessment will reveal distended jugular veins.
- B. Cerebral circulation may be maintained through the circle of Willis.
- C. The patient will develop a loss of temporal and parietal lobe function.
- D. Increased pressure in the middle cerebral artery will back up into the vertebral arteries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The circle of Willis can maintain cerebral circulation if one artery is compromised.
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For the patient who has expressive aphasia following a cerebrovascular accident, the most therapeutic nursing intervention would be to
- A. keep verbal nurse-patient interchanges to a minimum
- B. talk to the patient as if he understands
- C. avoid using objects or gestures to communicate
- D. keep the sound of a radio or television audible in the background
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Talking normally helps maintain cognitive engagement.
Within what approximate time frame does necrosis (cell death) occur because of lack of blood, oxygen, and glucose supplied to the brain?
- A. at least 30 minutes
- B. 20-25 minutes
- C. 12-18 minutes
- D. 4-10 minutes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Necrosis, or cell death, can occur within 4-10 minutes of interrupted blood flow to the brain. This underscores the importance of rapid intervention during a stroke to minimize brain damage and improve outcomes.
The ________ ________ consists of glands that secrete hormones:
- A. nervous system
- B. immune system
- C. endocrine system
- D. cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Hormones act as chemical messengers, influencing target organs and tissues to maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to coordinate the body's responses to internal and external changes.
Pupil dilatation occurs with:
- A. neostigmine
- B. cocaine
- C. atenolol
- D. codeine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cocaine causes pupil dilation (mydriasis) by inhibiting norepinephrine reuptake, leading to increased sympathetic activity. Neostigmine, atenolol, and codeine do not cause pupil dilation.
The Broca's area is located in the lobe:
- A. frontal
- B. parietal
- C. temporal
- D. occipital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frontal lobe is the correct answer because Broca's area, which is responsible for speech production and language processing, is located in the posterior part of the frontal lobe, typically in the left hemisphere. Damage to this area results in Broca's aphasia, characterized by non-fluent speech and difficulty forming sentences.