Nokea
The 'sodium-potassium pump' pumps ___________.
- A. sodium ions out and potassium ions in
- B. sodium ions in and potassium ions out
- C. sodium and potassium ions in
- D. sodium and potassium ions out
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump is a membrane protein that actively transports sodium ions out of the neuron and potassium ions into the neuron. This process requires energy in the form of ATP and helps maintain the resting membrane potential. By creating a concentration gradient of these ions, the pump ensures that the neuron is ready to generate action potentials and transmit nerve impulses efficiently.
You may also like to solve these questions
At the scene of the accident in which position should Joe be placed before being transported by ambulance to the emergency room?
- A. The position in which he was found
- B. Lateral position with arms flexed
- C. Supine position with head in neutral position
- D. Supine position with head flexed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neutral head position prevents further spinal injury.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding amphibian and mammalian visual systems?
- A. In frog tadpole, neurons from retina project from the left retina to the right optic tectum
- B. Mammalian superior colliculus is analogous to the amphibian optic tectum
- C. In both frog tadpole and mammals, half of the neurons project to the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) from the same side; the other half project to LGN on the opposite side
- D. Amphibian neurons from dorsal retina project to lateral side of the tectum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that half of the neurons project to the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) from the same side in both frog tadpoles and mammals is false. In mammals, most retinal neurons project contralaterally, while in amphibians, the projection pattern is more complex and varies by species. This highlights differences in visual system organization between these groups.
A patient says, I know I have a brain tumor despite the results of the magnetic resonance image (MRI). The radiologist is wrong. People who have brain tumors vomit, and yesterday I vomited all day. Which response by the nurse fosters cognitive restructuring?
- A. You do not have a brain tumor. The more you talk about it, the more it reinforces your illogical thinking.
- B. Let's see whether any other explanations for your vomiting are possible.
- C. You seem so worried. Let's talk about how you're feeling.
- D. We should talk about something else.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it encourages the patient to consider alternative explanations for their symptoms, which is key in cognitive restructuring. By exploring other possible reasons for the vomiting, the patient is guided to challenge their automatic assumption of having a brain tumor. This approach helps the patient to reevaluate their thoughts and beliefs in a more rational manner.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: This response dismisses the patient's concerns without addressing the underlying irrational belief. It does not promote cognitive restructuring.
C: While acknowledging the patient's emotions is important, this response does not actively challenge the patient's irrational belief or encourage critical thinking.
D: Changing the subject does not address the patient's cognitive distortions and does not facilitate cognitive restructuring.
Mrs. C. has a right hemiplegia secondary to a cerebrovascular accident. To avoid aspiration during meals she would be instructed to avoid
- A. swallowing with her head slightly flexed
- B. placing food in the left side of her mouth
- C. eating in an upright position
- D. lying down immediately after eating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Head flexion can impair swallowing mechanics.
Which number in the diagram corresponds to the renal pelvis? (Figure 2)
- A. 3
- B. 7
- C. 13
- D. 14
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The number 13 corresponds to the renal pelvis because it is the funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the nephrons and channels it into the ureter. The renal pelvis is a critical part of the urinary system, as it serves as a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body.