Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System

Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System related questions and content

A patient has been receiving a large dose of prednisone for the relief of arthritic pain for 6 months. He suddenly stops taking his medication. What is the most serious concern?

  • A. His arthritic pain will recur.
  • B. He will develop an acute adrenal insufficiency.
  • C. He will continue to exhibit symptoms of Cushing syndrome.
  • D. He will develop a moon face and buffalo hump.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: He will develop an acute adrenal insufficiency. When a patient abruptly stops taking a large dose of prednisone after long-term use, it can suppress the body's natural production of cortisol. This sudden withdrawal can lead to adrenal insufficiency, a potentially life-threatening condition. The adrenal glands may not be able to produce enough cortisol to meet the body's needs, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, low blood pressure, and even shock. This is a serious concern that requires medical attention.

Incorrect choices:
A: His arthritic pain will recur - While this is a valid concern, it is not the most serious issue compared to acute adrenal insufficiency.
C: He will continue to exhibit symptoms of Cushing syndrome - Cushing syndrome is a result of prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, not sudden withdrawal.
D: He will develop a moon face and buffalo hump - These are physical symptoms associated with Cushing syndrome, not acute adrenal

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The liberation of proteins to free amino acids (final digestive step) occur in all of the following EXCEPT:

  • A. enterocyte cytoplasm
  • B. brush border
  • C. small intestine lumen
  • D. stomach
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: stomach. Proteins are broken down into amino acids through the process of digestion. In the stomach, proteins are broken down into smaller peptides, not free amino acids. The final step of liberating proteins into free amino acids occurs in the enterocyte cytoplasm, where absorbed nutrients are further processed. The brush border of the small intestine is where the final stages of digestion take place before absorption. The small intestine lumen is the space where digestion occurs, but the actual liberation of proteins into free amino acids happens in the enterocyte cytoplasm.

Which gland is responsible for the production of insulin?

  • A. ovaries
  • B. testes
  • C. hypothalamus
  • D. islets of Langerhans
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: islets of Langerhans. These clusters of cells within the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The ovaries (A) and testes (B) are not responsible for insulin production. The hypothalamus (C) plays a role in regulating many bodily functions, but it is not directly involved in insulin production.

The secretion of parathyroid hormone is a good example of __________.

  • A. pituitary gland stimuli
  • B. humoral stimuli
  • C. neural stimuli
  • D. hormonal stimuli
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: humoral stimuli. Parathyroid hormone secretion is regulated by the concentration of calcium in the blood, which is an example of humoral stimuli. When blood calcium levels decrease, parathyroid hormone is released to increase calcium levels. Pituitary gland stimuli (A), neural stimuli (C), and hormonal stimuli (D) are not directly involved in the regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion.

One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?

  • A. the rapid oxidation of carbohydrates
  • B. catabolic inhibition
  • C. protein synthesis
  • D. humoral stimulation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: humoral stimulation. This mechanism directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Humoral stimulation refers to the regulation of hormone secretion in response to changes in blood levels of various substances like ions and nutrients. It is a feedback mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis by adjusting hormone levels based on the body's needs.

A: Rapid oxidation of carbohydrates is not related to endocrine control systems responding to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients.
B: Catabolic inhibition does not directly respond to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients.
C: Protein synthesis is not a mechanism that directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients.

Which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?

  • A. Pancreas
  • B. Adenohypophysis
  • C. Thyroid
  • D. Adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pancreas. The pancreas secretes insulin to decrease blood glucose levels and glucagon to elevate blood glucose levels. Insulin helps cells absorb glucose for energy, while glucagon triggers the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream. Adenohypophysis (B) secretes various hormones but not related to blood glucose regulation. Thyroid (C) secretes hormones that regulate metabolism, not directly impacting blood glucose levels. Adrenal cortex (D) secretes hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, which are not primarily involved in blood glucose regulation.

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