Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System

Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System related questions and content

A patient presents with a moon face, truncal obesity, hypertension, purple straiae, buffalo hump, fragile skin and impaired glucose tolerance. The opposite of the current increased levels of the prime hormone involved in this patient is seen in:

  • A. Addison's disease
  • B. Pheochromocytoma
  • C. Hyperaldosteronism
  • D. Cushing's syndrome
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Identify the symptoms described in the patient: Moon face, truncal obesity, hypertension, purple striae, buffalo hump, fragile skin, impaired glucose tolerance.
Step 2: These symptoms are classic for Cushing's syndrome, which is caused by excess cortisol.
Step 3: The opposite of increased cortisol levels is decreased cortisol levels.
Step 4: Addison's disease is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, leading to decreased cortisol levels.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is A: Addison's disease.
Summary:
- B: Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla, causing excess catecholamines, not related to cortisol.
- C: Hyperaldosteronism is excess aldosterone production, not related to cortisol.
- D: Cushing's syndrome is characterized by excess cortisol, not the opposite.

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The neurohypophysis:

  • A. is the anterior pituitary gland.
  • B. secretes ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins.
  • C. secretes the releasing hormones.
  • D. is the posterior pituitary gland.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The neurohypophysis is the posterior pituitary gland.
2. It stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
3. These hormones include oxytocin and vasopressin.
4. These hormones regulate water balance, blood pressure, and uterine contractions.
5. Choice D is correct as it accurately describes the neurohypophysis.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - Anterior pituitary gland is not the neurohypophysis.
B: Incorrect - These hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
C: Incorrect - Releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, not the neurohypophysis.

One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?

  • A. the rapid oxidation of carbohydrates
  • B. catabolic inhibition
  • C. protein synthesis
  • D. humoral stimulation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: humoral stimulation. This mechanism directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Humoral stimulation refers to the regulation of hormone secretion in response to changes in blood levels of various substances like ions and nutrients. It is a feedback mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis by adjusting hormone levels based on the body's needs.

A: Rapid oxidation of carbohydrates is not related to endocrine control systems responding to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients.
B: Catabolic inhibition does not directly respond to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients.
C: Protein synthesis is not a mechanism that directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients.

The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?

  • A. Adrenal.
  • B. Parathyroid.
  • C. Gonadal.
  • D. Pancreas.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gonadal glands. These glands differ between males and females in terms of the hormones they secrete. In males, the gonadal glands (testes) produce testosterone, while in females, the gonadal glands (ovaries) produce estrogen and progesterone. Adrenal glands (A) secrete hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are not gender-specific. Parathyroid glands (B) regulate calcium levels and are not gender-specific. Pancreas (D) secretes insulin and glucagon, which are also not gender-specific. Therefore, the key difference in secretions between males and females lies in the gonadal glands.

Which of the following arteries supply the tail of pancreas?

  • A. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
  • B. Left gastroepiploic artery
  • C. Splenic artery
  • D. Superior pancreaticoduodenal
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Splenic artery. The splenic artery supplies the tail of the pancreas through its branches. The splenic artery runs along the superior border of the pancreas and gives off multiple branches that supply various parts of the pancreas, including the tail.

A: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the inferior part of the pancreas.
B: Left gastroepiploic artery supplies the greater curvature of the stomach.
D: Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the pancreatic head and duodenum.

Therefore, the splenic artery is the correct answer as it specifically supplies the tail of the pancreas.

The hormone involved in rhythmic activities, such as day/night and seasonal changes, is .

  • A. calcitonin
  • B. melatonin
  • C. estrogen
  • D. cyclin
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: melatonin. Melatonin is the hormone involved in regulating rhythmic activities like day/night and seasonal changes through its influence on the body's circadian rhythm. Calcitonin is a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood; estrogen is a female sex hormone; and cyclin is a protein involved in cell cycle regulation. Melatonin's role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and responding to changes in light exposure makes it the most appropriate choice for a hormone involved in rhythmic activities.

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