Nokea
When caring for a diabetic client at night, the only symptom of insulin shock that a nurse might observe is
- A. dry mucous membranes
- B. acetone breath
- C. flushed appearance
- D. diaphoresis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common symptom of insulin shock or hypoglycemia is diaphoresis (sweating), which is a result of the body's stress response to low blood glucose levels.
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A patient has been receiving a large dose of prednisone for the relief of arthritic pain for 6 months. He suddenly stops taking his medication. What is the most serious concern?
- A. His arthritic pain will recur.
- B. He will develop an acute adrenal insufficiency.
- C. He will continue to exhibit symptoms of Cushing syndrome.
- D. He will develop a moon face and buffalo hump.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: He will develop an acute adrenal insufficiency. When a patient abruptly stops taking a large dose of prednisone after long-term use, it can suppress the body's natural production of cortisol. This sudden withdrawal can lead to adrenal insufficiency, a potentially life-threatening condition. The adrenal glands may not be able to produce enough cortisol to meet the body's needs, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, low blood pressure, and even shock. This is a serious concern that requires medical attention.
Incorrect choices:
A: His arthritic pain will recur - While this is a valid concern, it is not the most serious issue compared to acute adrenal insufficiency.
C: He will continue to exhibit symptoms of Cushing syndrome - Cushing syndrome is a result of prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, not sudden withdrawal.
D: He will develop a moon face and buffalo hump - These are physical symptoms associated with Cushing syndrome, not acute adrenal
Terbutaline specifically stimulates:
- A. Alpha1 receptors
- B. Alpha2 receptors
- C. Beta1 receptors
- D. Beta2 receptors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Terbutaline specifically stimulates Beta2 receptors. This leads to bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscles in the airways. Beta2 receptors are predominantly found in the lungs. Option A and B are incorrect as terbutaline does not target Alpha receptors. Option C is incorrect as terbutaline does not primarily stimulate Beta1 receptors, which are mainly found in the heart.
This cone-shaped gland is located in the head and is called the “biological clock.â€
- A. Posterior pituitary
- B. Hypothalamus
- C. Pineal
- D. Thymus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pineal gland. The pineal gland is located in the brain and is often referred to as the "biological clock" due to its role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle through the secretion of melatonin. The posterior pituitary (choice A) is responsible for releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus, not related to the circadian rhythm. The hypothalamus (choice B) is involved in regulating various physiological processes but is not directly associated with the circadian rhythm. The thymus (choice D) plays a role in the immune system, not in regulating the biological clock. Thus, the pineal gland is the correct answer as it specifically controls the circadian rhythm.
Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?
- A. maintain homeostasis
- B. influence metabolism
- C. influence growth and development
- D. breaking down nutrients
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: breaking down nutrients. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes in the body. Hormones do not directly break down nutrients; instead, they regulate the processes involved in nutrient breakdown. A: maintaining homeostasis is a function of hormones as they help regulate internal balance. B: influencing metabolism is a function of hormones as they regulate energy production and utilization. C: influencing growth and development is a function of hormones as they play a crucial role in the growth and maturation of cells and tissues.
The neurohypophysis:
- A. is the anterior pituitary gland.
- B. secretes ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins.
- C. secretes the releasing hormones.
- D. is the posterior pituitary gland.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The neurohypophysis is the posterior pituitary gland.
2. It stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
3. These hormones include oxytocin and vasopressin.
4. These hormones regulate water balance, blood pressure, and uterine contractions.
5. Choice D is correct as it accurately describes the neurohypophysis.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - Anterior pituitary gland is not the neurohypophysis.
B: Incorrect - These hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
C: Incorrect - Releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, not the neurohypophysis.