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A patient is being interviewed by the nurse. During the family history assessment, the patient reports having had relatives with cancer. Which is the nurse's best response?
- A. Complete a pedigree, noting the types of cancer and which relatives were affected.
- B. Ask whether the cancer was in male or female relatives.
- C. Determine whether the cancer reported in the family history is pertinent to the patient's personal medical history.
- D. Schedule a consult with a genetic counselor to further assess the patient's risk.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Completing a pedigree allows for a visual representation of the family's health history.
2. Noting the types of cancer and affected relatives helps identify patterns and potential genetic risks.
3. This response demonstrates a proactive approach to understanding the patient's genetic predispositions.
Summary of other choices:
B: Asking about the gender of affected relatives does not provide as much detailed information about the types of cancer or specific family members affected.
C: Determining relevance to personal history is important, but a pedigree provides a broader picture for risk assessment.
D: Referring to a genetic counselor may be necessary but completing a pedigree first helps gather essential information for a more informed consultation.
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What is the purpose of embryo freezing in fertility treatments?
- A. To eliminate the need for future egg retrieval cycles.
- B. To store embryos for future use, preserving fertility options.
- C. To improve the genetic quality of embryos before transfer.
- D. To avoid the use of hormonal treatments during IVF.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Embryo freezing in fertility treatments allows for the storage of embryos for future use, preserving fertility options. This is important in case the initial IVF cycle is unsuccessful or if the individual wants to have more children later on. Freezing embryos also enables individuals to avoid repeated egg retrieval cycles, saving time, cost, and potential risks associated with the procedure. Additionally, it allows for the preservation of younger and healthier embryos, optimizing the chances of successful pregnancy in the future. The other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the primary purpose of embryo freezing in fertility treatments, which is to provide individuals with the option to use stored embryos in the future.
Which statement by a gravid client who is a carrier for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked recessive disease, indicates that she understands the implications of her status?
- A. If I have a girl
- B. she will be healthy.
- C. None of my children will be at risk of the disease.
- D. If I have a boy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Girls of carriers have a 50% chance of being carriers but are not affected unless the father also contributes the defective gene.
A woman is in the first stage of labor. The nurse would encourage her to assume which position to facilitate the progress of labor?
- A. supine
- B. lithotomy
- C. upright
- D. knee-chest
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Research shows that upright positions help reduce the length of labor, improve progress, fetal head descent, reduce pain, and result in a good Apgar score. Recumbent positions can lead to supine hypotension and decrease uterine activity, hindering labor progress. Therefore, encouraging an upright position is the best choice for facilitating labor.
An infertile woman has been diagnosed with endometriosis. She asks the nurse why that diagnosis has made her infertile. Which of the following explanations is appropriate for the nurse to make?
- A. Scarring surrounds the ends of your tubes
- B. preventing your eggs from being fertilized by your partner's sperm.
- C. You are producing insufficient quantities of follicle-stimulating hormone that is needed to mature an egg every month.
- D. Inside your uterus is a benign tumor that makes it impossible for the fertilized egg to implant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Endometriosis can cause scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, preventing fertilization.
Karen, a 28-year-old female patient, has a hysterosalpingogram ordered but not scheduled. What should the nurse tell the patient?
- A. When your next menses starts, call the office to schedule your procedure.
- B. You may experience uterine cramping during the procedure.
- C. Radiation exposure will be avoided through the use of ultrasound imaging.
- D. The purpose of the test is to evaluate the inside of your uterus and your fallopian tubes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A):
- A is correct because the nurse should instruct the patient to call the office when her next menstrual cycle starts to schedule the hysterosalpingogram. This is essential as the test needs to be performed during a specific phase of the menstrual cycle for accurate results.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
- B: While uterine cramping may be a possible side effect of the procedure, this information is not the most crucial to communicate to the patient at this time.
- C: While it is important to address concerns about radiation exposure, the use of ultrasound imaging doesn't eliminate the need for the patient to schedule the procedure at the appropriate time in her menstrual cycle.
- D: While this choice provides some information about the purpose of the test, it does not address the immediate action the patient needs to take to schedule the procedure correctly.