Nokea
A patient presents with chest pain, dyspnea, and a friction rub heard on auscultation. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows diffuse ST-segment elevation. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The clinical presentation of chest pain, dyspnea, and a friction rub heard on auscultation is suggestive of pericarditis. The diffuse ST-segment elevation seen on the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a classic finding in pericarditis, known as the "universal sign." In contrast, stable angina typically presents with chest pain on exertion that is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, while unstable angina presents with chest pain at rest or with minimal exertion. Acute myocardial infarction would typically present with ST-segment elevation in specific leads correlating with the area of myocardial ischemia/infarction. However, in the context of diffuse ST-segment elevation and symptoms suggestive of inflammation (friction rub), the most likely diagnosis is pericarditis.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response?
- A. NK cells directly kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
- B. NK cells produce antibodies against pathogens.
- C. NK cells present antigens to T cells to initiate adaptive immunity.
- D. NK cells release cytokines to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in the innate immune response by identifying and eliminating virus-infected cells, as well as tumor cells, without the need for prior exposure or activation. NK cells are able to detect abnormal cells by recognizing changes in the cell surface molecules, such as downregulation of MHC class I molecules. Once activated, NK cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzyme, leading to the destruction of the target cell. This direct killing mechanism is crucial for controlling viral infections and preventing the development of tumors. NK cells do not produce antibodies (option B), present antigens to T cells (option C), or release cytokines to recruit other immune cells (option D) as their primary function in the immune response.
The mother asks why she has a gush of blood coming out from the vagina that occurs when she first arises from bed. The nurse's CORRECT response should be
- A. "Blood pools at the top of the vagina and forms clots that are passed upon rising or sitting on the toilet."
- B. "Positioning causes blood to flow out when she stands.
- C. "Because of the normal pooling of blood in the vagina when the woman lies down to rest or sleep."
- D. "Normal physiologic occurrence that results as the body attempts to eliminate excess fluids."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is "Because of the normal pooling of blood in the vagina when the woman lies down to rest or sleep." This phenomenon occurs due to gravity when a woman lies down, and the blood tends to pool at the top of the vagina. When she first arises from bed, the pooled blood is released, resulting in a gush of blood. This is a normal physiological process and not typically a cause for concern.
Which among the following is TRUE about mother and child health in the Philippines (among ASEAN) that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law? I. Fastest decline in maternal mortality rate II. Number one highest in infant mortality rate III. Fastest rising HIV/AIDS IV. Highest TB burden
- A. II, III, IV
- B. I, II
- C. I, II, III
- D. III, IV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The options provided focus on specific health indicators related to mother and child health in the Philippines among ASEAN countries that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law.
An effective nursing intervention for the impulsive and aggressive behaviors that accompany conduct disorder is ______.
- A. open expression of feelings
- B. negotiation of rules
- C. assertiveness training
- D. consistent limit setting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Consistent limit setting is an effective nursing intervention for managing impulsive and aggressive behaviors in individuals with conduct disorder. By establishing clear and consistent boundaries, rules, and consequences, individuals with conduct disorder can learn self-control and appropriate behavior. Consistent limit setting provides structure and predictability, helping to reduce impulsive and aggressive reactions in these individuals. It also teaches them accountability for their actions and reinforces appropriate behavior. Additionally, setting limits helps to establish a sense of safety and security for both the individual and those around them. Therefore, consistent limit setting is a crucial intervention to help manage impulsive and aggressive behaviors associated with conduct disorder.
A nurse is caring for a patient who expresses concerns about the potential side effects of a prescribed medication. What action should the nurse take to address the patient's concerns?
- A. Disregard the patient's concerns and reassure them about the medication's safety
- B. Provide accurate information about the medication, including potential side effects
- C. Encourage the patient to stop taking the medication if they are worried about side effects
- D. Minimize the importance of the patient's concerns and focus on other aspects of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should provide accurate information about the medication, including potential side effects, to address the patient's concerns. It is important for the nurse to listen to the patient's worries and provide them with the knowledge they need to make an informed decision about their treatment. By educating the patient about the medication and its potential side effects, the nurse empowers the patient to be actively involved in their care and promotes shared decision-making. Disregarding the patient's concerns, encouraging them to stop taking the medication, or minimizing the importance of their worries are not appropriate responses and may negatively impact the patient-nurse relationship and the patient's adherence to the prescribed treatment.