Adult Health Nursing First Chapter Quizlet

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A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits. Imaging reveals a hemorrhagic lesion within the subarachnoid space. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Ischemic stroke
  • B. Subdural hematoma
  • C. Intracerebral hemorrhage
  • D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A subarachnoid hemorrhage is characterized by bleeding within the subarachnoid space, the area between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater surrounding the brain. Patients typically present with a sudden-onset severe headache, altered mental status, and focal neurological deficits due to the mass effect of the blood in the subarachnoid space. Imaging, such as a CT scan, can confirm the presence of the hemorrhagic lesion. Ischemic stroke results from a blockage in the blood vessels supplying the brain, leading to tissue infarction and neurological deficits. Subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater, commonly seen following head trauma. Intracerebral hemorrhage involves bleeding within the brain tissue itself, often leading to focal neurological deficits.

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The day of discharge came and Marlene 's face becomes all the more sad. When asked why, she answered she has no money to pay the bill. The BEST way of communicating her piece of advice is stating which of the following?

  • A. You can go to the cashier for to find out what she can advise you
  • B. The government has agencies for those who need financial assistance. I will give you the list.
  • C. You can always pay in staggered amounts to be given every 15 days
  • D. Ask help from generous relatives so you can have additional for down payment.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this situation, the best way to communicate Marlene's piece of advice would be to inform her about government agencies that provide financial assistance. This option provides a long-term solution for her financial difficulties rather than short-term fixes like asking relatives for help or paying in staggered amounts. By giving her information about available resources, you are empowering her to seek sustainable help for her financial situation. This approach focuses on addressing the root cause of her inability to pay the bill rather than temporary solutions.

A pregnant woman presents with severe abdominal pain and syncope at 6 weeks gestation. On examination, she has signs of hypovolemic shock. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

  • A. Ectopic pregnancy
  • B. Threatened abortion
  • C. Placenta previa
  • D. Gestational trophoblastic disease
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a pregnant woman presenting with severe abdominal pain, syncope, signs of hypovolemic shock, and gestational age of 6 weeks, the most likely cause is an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tube. As the pregnancy grows and the tube stretches, it can lead to rupture, causing severe abdominal pain, internal bleeding, and signs of shock. This is a life-threatening emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and management. It is important to consider ectopic pregnancy in any pregnant woman presenting with abdominal pain and signs of shock, especially in the first trimester.

A patient with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) presents with sudden onset dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and hemoptysis. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for confirming the diagnosis?

  • A. Chest X-ray
  • B. Electrocardiography (ECG)
  • C. D-dimer assay
  • D. Spiral computed tomography (CT) angiography
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Spiral CT angiography is the most appropriate test for confirming the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a patient with suspected PE. It is a non-invasive imaging modality that can detect filling defects within the pulmonary vasculature indicative of a clot. This diagnostic test has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PE, making it a valuable tool in the management of patients with suspected PE.

The patient asked Nurse Vera when is the best time to visit the clinic for her 1st prenatal care. Which should be the APPROPRIATE answer of the nurse?

  • A. Second trimester
  • B. Third trimester
  • C. Before delivery
  • D. First trimester
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The best time to visit the clinic for the first prenatal care is during the first trimester of pregnancy, ideally before the 12th week. This is because early prenatal care is crucial for monitoring the health of both the mother and the developing baby, identifying any risk factors or complications early on, and initiating important interventions such as prenatal vitamins and screenings. By starting prenatal care early in the first trimester, potential issues can be identified and addressed promptly, leading to better pregnancy outcomes. It is important for pregnant women to seek early prenatal care to ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.

A nurse is preparing to assist with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion for a patient requiring long-term enteral feeding. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure procedural success?

  • A. Confirming the patient's fasting status before the PEG tube insertion
  • B. Positioning the patient in a supine position with the head of the bed elevated
  • C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection
  • D. Coordinating with radiology or gastroenterology for procedural guidance Dermatology
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Coordinating with radiology or gastroenterology for procedural guidance is crucial to ensure the success of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion. This procedure is typically performed under endoscopic guidance to ensure proper placement of the tube into the stomach through the abdominal wall. Radiology or gastroenterology professionals are trained to perform and guide the insertion procedure, making their involvement essential for a successful outcome. Additionally, their expertise helps minimize the risk of complications during and after the PEG tube placement.

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