Nokea
A patient was admitted last night with a hip fracture sustained in a fall while intoxicated. The patient points to the Buck traction and screams, 'Somebody tied me up with ropes.' The patient is experiencing:
- A. illusion
- B. delusion
- C. hallucinations
- D. hypnagogic phenomenon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: illusion. An illusion is a misinterpretation of a real external stimulus. In this case, the patient is misperceiving the traction as ropes due to the altered mental state from intoxication. It is a sensory distortion based on a real object. Delusion (B) is a fixed false belief, not related to sensory perceptions. Hallucinations (C) are false sensory perceptions without external stimulus. Hypnagogic phenomenon (D) refers to sensory experiences during the transition from wakefulness to sleep, not applicable here.
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Which of the following choices represents a barrier to health care for low-income patients in the U.S.?
- A. Limited health care and educational programs close to home
- B. Language proficiency
- C. Busy schedule
- D. Availability of brand-name medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Limited local resources restrict access for low-income patients.
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study has had which of the following effects on the African American community?
- A. Greater suspicion and reluctance about participating in research studies
- B. Less use of complementary or alternative medical treatments
- C. Greater compliance with prescription medications
- D. Increased testing for syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tuskegee fostered deep mistrust in medical research among African Americans.
A client is questioning why she was told that the nausea she is experiencing with this new antidepressant medication will subside once her medication is regulated. Based on the pharmacologic principle of steady state, the nurse explains that:
- A. When her body reaches a steady point where introduction and elimination of the medication are constant the nausea will stop.
- B. Blood work can be done to determine the appropriate time her body will reach a steady state when the new medication will not cause the nausea.
- C. Antidepressants commonly cause nausea for the first 10 doses and once her body can steady the absorption of the medication the side effect will stop.
- D. Antidepressants have a relatively short half life that will allow for the blood serum's steady state to occur within a few days and then the nausea will stop.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because steady state refers to the point where drug intake equals drug elimination in the body, leading to a constant drug concentration. This equilibrium is reached after approximately 4-5 half-lives of the medication. Once the body reaches steady state, the drug's effects, including nausea, become more predictable and stable.
Choice B is incorrect because blood work cannot determine the exact time it takes for the body to reach steady state.
Choice C is incorrect because the number of doses is not a reliable indicator for when steady state is reached, as it depends on the drug's half-life and individual factors.
Choice D is incorrect because stating that antidepressants have a relatively short half-life is not universally true, and the time to reach steady state can vary depending on the specific medication and individual factors.
Children develop autonomy between
- A. 0-1 year
- B. 1-3 years
- C. 3-5 years
- D. 5-7 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomy vs. shame/doubt (1-3 years, Erikson) builds independence.
You are caring for a client who has been assessed as having a past history of violent and dangerous behaviors towards others. You, as the nurse, are concerned about this client's past history and the dangers that may adversely affect others including staff, visitors and other clients on the unit. What is the first thing that you should do to prevent violence towards others?
- A. Restrain the client
- B. Place the client in seclusion
- C. Get an order for a sedating medication
- D. Establish trust with the client.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Establishing trust (D) is the first step to de-escalate potential violence.