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A patient who experienced an open fracture of the humerus 2 weeks ago is having increased pain at the fracture site. To identify a possible causative agent of osteomyelitis at the site, what should the nurse expect testing to include?
- A. X-rays
- B. CT scan
- C. Bone biopsy
- D. WBC count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bone biopsy identifies the causative organism.
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A technique that has proven to be helpful in training individuals with amnesia, where people are prevented - as far as possible - from making any errors while learning a new skill or new information is known as:
- A. Mnemonic training.
- B. Errorless learning.
- C. Aquistion learning.
- D. Prevention training.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Errorless learning is a training technique used to help individuals with amnesia acquire new skills or information without making mistakes. By minimizing errors during the learning process, this method enhances memory retention and reduces the likelihood of incorrect information being stored. Errorless learning is particularly effective for individuals with memory impairments, as it leverages their residual learning abilities and promotes successful skill acquisition.
The 30-year-old female client is admitted with complaints of numbness, tingling, a crawling sensation affecting the extremities, and double vision which has occurred two(2) times in the month. Which question is most important for the nurse to ask the client?
- A. Have you experienced any difficulty with your menstrual cycle?
- B. Have you noticed a rash across the bridge of your nose?
- C. Do you get tired easily and sometimes have problems swallowing?
- D. Are you taking birth control pills to prevent conception?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fatigue and swallowing difficulties are common symptoms of MS and can indicate disease progression or exacerbation.
The neuron processes that normally receives incoming stimuli are called:
- A. axons
- B. dendrites
- C. neurolemmas
- D. Schwann cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dendrites are the neuron processes that receive incoming stimuli and transmit them toward the cell body. Axons transmit signals away from the cell body, while neurolemmas, Schwann cells, and satellite cells are supportive structures. Thus, B is the correct answer.
Brown-Sequard syndrome develops with the following damage of the spinal cord:
- A. complete transversal
- B. anterior horns
- C. half transversal
- D. posterior horns
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Half transversal is the correct answer because Brown-Sequard syndrome results from damage to one side of the spinal cord. This leads to ipsilateral motor paralysis and loss of proprioception, and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation due to the crossing of spinothalamic tract fibers.
Dilatation of the peripheral arterial blood vessels can be caused by:
- A. thromboxane A2
- B. adenosine diphosphate
- C. endothelin
- D. prostaglandins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prostaglandins, particularly prostacyclin (PGI2), are potent vasodilators. Thromboxane A2, adenosine diphosphate, and endothelin are vasoconstrictors and do not cause peripheral arterial dilatation.