Nokea
A patient who has hypertension is complaining about the lack of taste with the low-sodium diet that has been prescribed. What should the nurse emphasize that sodium may do?
- A. Contribute to hypertension.
- B. Interfere with blood clotting.
- C. Produce stomach ulcers.
- D. Decrease calcium in the bones.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium may contribute to hypertension.
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The nurse cautions a patient with a pancreatic disorder that the disorder will interfere with the digestion of fats and may lead to a clotting disorder. What is the cause of these potential problems?
- A. Inability to use vitamin B
- B. Inability to use vitamin C
- C. Inability to use vitamin D
- D. Inability to use vitamin K
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. Difficulty with fat metabolism will result in the inability to use fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting. It is important in maintaining four of the eleven clotting factors found in the blood.
A fit young woman was at zero nitrogen balance. The nurse discovers that this patient is now pregnant with her first child. For what is this patient at risk?
- A. Embolism
- B. Anabolism
- C. Catabolism
- D. Metabolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When more nitrogen is consumed than is excreted, anabolism occurs. This is also called a positive nitrogen balance.
What has replaced the USDA's Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
- A. Nutrition Recommended Allowance (NRA)
- B. National Bionutritional Allowance (NBA)
- C. Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
- D. Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) has replaced the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).
The nurse is providing information about high cholesterol levels. What is the rationale for avoiding saturated fats?
- A. They block absorption of nutrients.
- B. They interfere with metabolism.
- C. They increase blood cholesterol.
- D. They must be hydrogenated.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Saturated fats tend to increase blood cholesterol.
The nurse reminds the male patient with lactose intolerance that he can avoid the unpleasant symptoms of nausea bloating flatulence and diarrhea if he will avoid certain foods. What product should the patient be instructed to avoid?
- A. Soy beans
- B. Rice
- C. Milk
- D. High fiber
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lactose intolerance occurs as a result of a lack of lactase that makes it impossible to break down milk sugar.