Nokea
A patient who has malignant cancer secondary to a high-grade lymphoma has been admitted with muscle weakness, tetany, paresthesia, and convulsion. The nurse notices the patient is being treated for tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and initial treatment has not been successful. The nurse will prepare the patient to undergo which procedure?
- A. Whole blood transfusion
- B. A bone marrow biopsy
- C. Immediate radiation treatment
- D. Dialysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: If hydration and administration of diuretics and allopurinol are not effective, dialysis may be necessary.
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A patient, age 56, has been advised that his prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is elevated. Which test will be the next definitive diagnostic test?
- A. CA-125 test
- B. Transrectal ultrasound
- C. Needle biopsy of the prostate
- D. MRI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Men over the age of 50 should be advised to have a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and rectal examination once a year. The transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is used in the early detection of prostate cancer.
The patient receiving radiation therapy reports not liking the conspicuous markings on the skin. In which manner can the nurse explain about these markings?
- A. They are residues of the treatment and can be washed off.
- B. They are caused by radiation and will fade in time.
- C. They are indicators of the amount of radiation the patient is receiving.
- D. They are markers for treatment and should be left on.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When external radiation is planned, the specific area on the body is marked to indicate the part at which external radiation will be directed. These markings must not be washed off.
For which reason is seeking medical attention when any cancer warning signs occur frequently delayed?
- A. Difficulty accessing a health care provider or getting a referral consult.
- B. Lack of knowledge of the warning signs of cancer.
- C. Fear of the possible diagnosis of cancer and hoping signs will go away.
- D. Self-examination being complex and difficult to perform.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Seeking medical attention when any warning signs occur is frequently delayed because people fear the possible diagnosis of cancer and hope the signs and symptoms will just go away.
A patient receiving chemotherapy for treatment of cancer has a white blood cell count of 1600/mm3. This finding prompts a change in the plan of care to provide which intervention?
- A. Adequate fluid intake
- B. Protection from falls
- C. Protection against infection
- D. Frequent small nutritious snacks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse needs to protect the patient against pathogens, monitor the patient for signs of infections, and respond aggressively if an infection occurs.
A female patient, age 59, has lost 7 lb in the first 3 weeks of her chemotherapy and does not eat because nothing tastes good. The nurse expects to see which goal addressed in the plan of care?
- A. Patient will verbalize understanding of the need for increased nutrition.
- B. Patient will be free from nutrition related infections.
- C. Patient will maintain current weight.
- D. Patient will undergo psychiatric evaluation regarding anorexia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This patient needs to maintain current weight, and not lose further weight. Adequate nutrition is difficult if the patient loses 10 or more pounds (4,5 kg).