Nokea
A patient who is receiving antiretroviral therapy is about to be discharged. Which of the following precautions should the nurse instruct the patient to follow to reduce the effects of photosensitivity?
- A. Wear protective clothing when outside.
- B. Increase fluid intake.
- C. Avoid lights while indoors.
- D. Use tanning beds for tan.
- E. Apply sunscreen daily
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should encourage the patient to wear protective clothing while going out in the sun to reduce the effect of photosensitivity. While increasing the fluid intake is recommended, it does not help combat the effects of photosensitivity. There is no need to avoid indoor lights as the skin becomes sensitive to sunlight but not indoor lights. The use of tanning beds should be avoided. Applying sunscreen daily is a good practice but was not listed as an option.
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A client is prescribed entecavir, which is supplied as a buffered powder. The nurse instructs the client to mix the powder with which of the following?
- A. Fruit juice
- B. Applesauce
- C. Water
- D. Gelatin
- E. Milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client should be instructed to mix the buffered powder with 4 ounces of water (not juice), stir until it is dissolved, and then drink it immediately. Using any other substance such as fruit juice, applesauce, gelatin, or milk would be inappropriate.
The nurse is preparing to administer an antiviral drug to a client. Which of the following would the nurse include in the preadministration assessment? Select all that apply.
- A. Client's general state of health
- B. Blood glucose levels
- C. Resistance to infection
- D. Electrocardiogram findings
- E. Vital signs
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: The nurse's preadministration assessment of the client prior to administration of antiviral drugs should include determination of the client's general state of health and resistance to infection, record of client's symptoms and complaints, and record of vital signs. Blood glucose levels and electrocardiogram findings are not needed.
After teaching a group of nursing students about antiretroviral drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify that these drugs are used to treat which infections? Select all that apply.
- A. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
- B. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- C. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- D. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1
- E. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Antiretroviral drugs are used to treat HIV and AIDS.
A patient is being discharged from a health care facility but is required to continue antiviral therapy at home. Which of the following points should the nurse include in the teaching plan to educate the patient?
- A. A slight elevation in temperature is normal and needn't be reported.
- B. Double the dosage of the drug if you miss a dose.
- C. Stop taking the drug as soon as the symptoms of the infection disappear.
- D. Make sure to notify your primary health care provider if you develop any adverse reactions.
- E. Take the drug with food to reduce stomach upset
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the patient to report adverse reactions to the primary health care provider. The nurse should also tell the patient to report any increase in temperature, even if it is a slight increase. If the patient misses a dose, the next dose should be taken as soon as remembered, but it should not be doubled. The nurse should also instruct the patient to take the drug exactly as directed for the full course of therapy, even if the symptoms of the infection disappear. Taking the drug with food is not a general requirement for all antivirals but may apply to specific drugs.
A client is receiving antiretroviral therapy. Which adverse reactions would the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client? Select all that apply.
- A. Altered taste
- B. Peripheral numbness
- C. Oral candidiasis
- D. Rash
- E. Fever
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Adverse reactions associated with antiretroviral drugs are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, altered taste, headache, fever, chills, rash, and numbness and tingling in the circumoral area or peripherally or both. Oral candidiasis is not associated with antiretroviral therapy.