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A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease is hospitalized with symptoms of a perforation. During the initial assessment
- A. what should the nurse expect the patient to report?
- B. Vomiting of bright-red blood
- C. Projectile vomiting of undigested food
- D. Sudden, severe upper abdominal pain and back pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Projectile vomiting of undigested food. In a patient with a perforated peptic ulcer, the sudden opening in the stomach lining allows food to pass into the abdominal cavity, leading to projectile vomiting of undigested food. This symptom is a classic sign of a perforation and requires immediate medical attention. Choice A is incorrect because vomiting of bright-red blood is more indicative of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, not a perforation. Choice B is incorrect as vomiting undigested food is more common in conditions like gastroparesis, not perforated ulcers. Choice D is incorrect as severe upper abdominal pain and back pain are symptoms of a perforation but not as specific as projectile vomiting of undigested food.
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Which of the following is not a part of the small intestine?
- A. Duodenum
- B. Jejunum
- C. Ileum
- D. Colon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colon. The colon is not a part of the small intestine; it is part of the large intestine. The small intestine consists of three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine, followed by the jejunum and then the ileum. The colon, also known as the large intestine, comes after the small intestine in the digestive system. Therefore, the colon is not a part of the small intestine, making choice D the correct answer.
Where does the digestion of proteins begin?
- A. Mouth
- B. Stomach
- C. Small intestine
- D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stomach. Protein digestion begins in the stomach where the enzyme pepsin is secreted. Pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. This process is aided by the acidic environment of the stomach. In contrast, the mouth primarily starts the digestion of carbohydrates through the enzyme salivary amylase. The small intestine is where further breakdown and absorption of nutrients occur, not the initial digestion of proteins. The large intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, not digestion.
The _____ nervous system division usually stimulates and promotes digestion.
- A. somatic
- B. sympathetic
- C. central
- D. parasympathetic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: parasympathetic. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digest functions, including stimulating digestion. It slows heart rate, increases intestinal activity, and promotes the secretion of digestive enzymes. The somatic nervous system (A) controls voluntary movements, the sympathetic nervous system (B) is responsible for the fight or flight response, and the central nervous system (C) consists of the brain and spinal cord, serving as the main control center of the body.
After eating or drinking dairy products like cheese and milk, you have intestinal cramps, bloating and diarrhea. You most likely have
- A. lactose intolerance.
- B. diabetes mellitus, Type I.
- C. heartburn.
- D. peritonitis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lactose intolerance. This is due to the inability to digest lactose, the sugar found in dairy products, leading to symptoms like intestinal cramps, bloating, and diarrhea. This is a common condition caused by a deficiency of lactase enzyme.
Choice B: Diabetes mellitus, Type I, is incorrect as it is an autoimmune condition affecting insulin production, not digestion of dairy products.
Choice C: Heartburn is incorrect as it is a symptom of acid reflux, not related to dairy product intolerance.
Choice D: Peritonitis is incorrect as it is an inflammation of the abdominal lining, usually caused by infection or injury, not related to dairy product intolerance.
When assessing a client for acute pancreatitis, which of the following symptoms will the nurse observe?
- A. Increased thirst and urination
- B. Hypertension and nausea
- C. Rapid breathing and pulse rate
- D. Frothy, foul-smelling stools
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rapid breathing and pulse rate. In acute pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas can lead to systemic complications, including respiratory distress and tachycardia. This occurs due to the release of inflammatory mediators affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Increased thirst and urination (Choice A) are more indicative of diabetes or renal issues. Hypertension and nausea (Choice B) are not typical symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Frothy, foul-smelling stools (Choice D) are more likely linked to malabsorption disorders rather than acute pancreatitis. Rapid breathing and pulse rate are key signs that indicate the severity of the condition and the need for prompt intervention.