Nokea
A patient with a long-term intravenous catheter is going home. The nurse knows that if the patient is allergic to seafood, which antiseptic agent is contraindicated?
- A. Chlorhexidine gluconate
- B. Hydrogen peroxide
- C. Povidone-iodine
- D. Isopropyl alcohol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iodine compounds are contraindicated in patients with allergies to seafood.
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The nurse is providing teaching to a patient taking an oral tetracycline antibiotic. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- A. Avoid direct sunlight and tanning beds while on this medication.
- B. Milk and cheese products result in increased levels of tetracycline.
- C. Antacids taken with the medication help to reduce gastrointestinal distress.
- D. Take the medication until you are feeling better.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Drug-related photosensitivity occurs when patients take tetracyclines, and it may continue for several days after therapy. Milk and cheese products result in decreased levels of tetracycline when the two are taken together. Antacids also interfere with absorption and should not be taken with tetracycline. Counsel patients to take the entire course of prescribed antibiotic drugs, even if they feel that they are no longer ill.
A patient is receiving his third intravenous dose of a penicillin drug. He calls the nurse to report that he is feeling anxious and is having trouble breathing. What will the nurse do first?
- A. Notify the prescriber.
- B. Take the patient's vital signs.
- C. Stop the antibiotic infusion.
- D. Check for allergies.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by wheezing; shortness of breath; swelling of the face, tongue, or hands; itching; or rash. The nurse should immediately stop the antibiotic infusion, have someone notify the prescriber, and stay with the patient to monitor the patient's vital signs and condition. Checking for allergies should have been done before the infusion.
During antibiotic therapy, the nurse will monitor closely for signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction. Which of these assessment findings may be an indication of a hypersensitivity reaction? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Wheezing
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Shortness of breath
- D. Swelling of the tongue
- E. Itching
- F. Black, hairy tongue
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Hypersensitivity reactions may be manifested by wheezing; shortness of breath; swelling of the face, tongue, or hands; itching; or rash. Diarrhea and black, hairy tongue are not typically associated with hypersensitivity reactions but may be other side effects of antibiotic therapy.
A patient tells the nurse that he is having nausea and decreased appetite during drug therapy with a tetracycline antibiotic. Which statement is the nurse's best advice to the patient?
- A. Take it with cheese and crackers or yogurt.
- B. Take each dose with a glass of milk.
- C. Take an antacid with each dose as needed.
- D. Drink a full glass of water with each dose.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oral doses should be given with at least 8 ounces of fluids and food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Antacids and dairy products will bind with the tetracycline and make it inactive.
The nurse is reviewing the culture results of a patient with an infection, and notes that the culture indicates a gram-positive organism. Which generation of cephalosporin is most appropriate for this type of infection?
- A. First-generation
- B. Second-generation
- C. Third-generation
- D. Fourth-generation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: First-generation cephalosporins provide excellent coverage against gram-positive bacteria but limited coverage against gram-negative bacteria.