Nokea
A patient with AIDS is prescribed the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine (Epivir). What information should the nurse ensure that the patient receives about this medication? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Report any onset of bleeding.
- B. Report any yellowing of the skin.
- C. Report any change in urine output.
- D. Report any symptoms similar to having the flu.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Lamivudine (Epivir) can cause hepatotoxicity, leading to yellowing of the skin (jaundice).
Step 2: Yellowing of the skin is a serious side effect that should be reported immediately to prevent further liver damage.
Step 3: Reporting yellowing of the skin promptly allows for timely evaluation and necessary interventions.
Summary: Reporting bleeding, change in urine output, or flu-like symptoms are not specific to lamivudine and are not directly related to its side effects. Yellowing of the skin is a critical side effect that requires immediate attention.
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When assessing a patient who has ingested flunitrazepam (Rohypnol), the nurse would expect:
- A. acrophobia
- B. hypothermia
- C. hallucinations
- D. anterograde amnesia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: anterograde amnesia. Flunitrazepam is a benzodiazepine known for causing memory loss, specifically anterograde amnesia, where the person has difficulty forming new memories after ingestion. This is due to the drug's effects on the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Acrophobia (fear of heights), hypothermia, and hallucinations are not typically associated with flunitrazepam ingestion. Therefore, D is the expected outcome when assessing a patient who has ingested flunitrazepam.
The primary advantage of a heterogeneous therapeutic group is that:
- A. There will be a variety of backgrounds represented in the group.
- B. Individuals will be expected to function outside their comfort zone.
- C. An opportunity to examine experiences from varied points of view will exist.
- D. Members will see that they are not alone and that others have problems as well.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a heterogeneous therapeutic group allows members to examine their experiences from varied points of view. This can lead to greater insight, empathy, and understanding among group members. By hearing different perspectives, individuals can gain new insights into their own struggles and learn from others' experiences. This process can enhance personal growth, promote tolerance, and foster a sense of community within the group.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while they may be potential advantages of a therapeutic group, they do not specifically address the primary advantage of a heterogeneous group, which is the opportunity to examine experiences from varied points of view. Choice A focuses on diversity in backgrounds, choice B on stepping outside comfort zones, and choice D on creating a sense of solidarity among group members. However, these advantages are not as directly related to the main benefit of a heterogeneous group as choice C.
A patient who has AIDS has been instructed on foods to eat to reduce the risk of infection. Which foods should the patient select that indicates correct understanding of this teaching? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Rare meat
- B. Raw seafood
- C. Soft egg yolks
- D. Pasteurized milk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pasteurized milk. This is because pasteurization kills harmful bacteria, making it safe for consumption by individuals with weakened immune systems like AIDS patients.
A: Rare meat and B: Raw seafood may contain harmful bacteria that can pose a risk of infection for AIDS patients.
C: Soft egg yolks may also contain harmful bacteria if not fully cooked, which can be dangerous for individuals with compromised immune systems.
In summary, pasteurized milk is the safest option as it eliminates the risk of bacterial contamination, while the other choices may increase the risk of infection for a patient with AIDS.
Ethnic minorities are often victims of stigmatization regarding their mental illnesses. The nurse initially addresses this potential problem by:
- A. Informing a client of his civil rights.
- B. Educating a client as to various available counseling services.
- C. Discussing with the client how family and friends are reacting to his illness.
- D. Helping the client develop the confidence to stand up for himself.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because discussing how family and friends are reacting to the client's illness helps identify potential sources of stigma and provides insight into the client's support system. This allows the nurse to address specific issues and provide appropriate interventions. Option A is incorrect as civil rights may not directly address stigma. Option B focuses on counseling services but doesn't directly address stigma. Option D addresses confidence but may not directly tackle the issue of stigma faced by ethnic minorities.
The A, B, C, and Ds of a complete and comprehensive nutritional assessment includes:
- A. Assessment data, biochemical data, clinical data and dietary data
- B. Ancestral cultural data, biochemical data, clinical data and dietary data
- C. Anthropometric data, biological data, chemical data and dietary data
- D. Anthropometric data, biochemical data, clinical data and dietary data
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nutritional assessment (D) includes Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical, Dietary data.