Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers Related

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A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with increased dyspnea, wheezing, and productive cough. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for bronchodilation and symptom relief in this patient?

  • A. Albuterol (salbutamol)
  • B. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • C. Montelukast (Singulair)
  • D. Prednisone
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albuterol (salbutamol) is a short-acting beta agonist bronchodilator commonly used for quick relief of bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, allowing for easier breathing and improved airflow. The patient's increased dyspnea, wheezing, and productive cough are indicative of bronchoconstriction, and albuterol is the most appropriate medication to provide rapid bronchodilation and symptom relief in this situation. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an antihistamine and not typically used for bronchodilation in COPD. Montelukast (Singulair) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that may be used in the maintenance treatment of COPD but is not the initial choice for acute symptom relief. Prednisone is a cortic

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A patient presents with fatigue, weakness, and jaundice. Laboratory tests reveal elevated indirect bilirubin levels, reticulocytosis, and positive Coombs test. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?

  • A. Hereditary spherocytosis
  • B. Thalassemia
  • C. Sickle cell disease
  • D. G6PD deficiency
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's presentation of fatigue, weakness, jaundice, elevated indirect bilirubin levels, reticulocytosis, and positive Coombs test is consistent with hemolytic anemia. Among the options provided, hereditary spherocytosis is the most likely condition to cause these findings.

A postpartum client who delivered vaginally expresses concern about feeling "heavy" in the perineal area. What education should the nurse provide to address this sensation?

  • A. Encourage the client to perform Kegel exercises regularly.
  • B. Recommend the use of perineal pads for additional support.
  • C. Educate the client about the process of uterine involution.
  • D. Suggest the use of a perineal support garment.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The sensation of feeling "heavy" in the perineal area postpartum is a common concern due to the stretching and potential trauma to the perineal muscles during childbirth. Kegel exercises are specifically designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which can help alleviate this sensation of heaviness. By encouraging the client to perform Kegel exercises regularly, the nurse is promoting the restoration and strengthening of the perineal muscles, ultimately helping the client feel more comfortable and supported in that area. This education empowers the client to take an active role in their own recovery and promotes optimal healing postpartum.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response?

  • A. NK cells directly kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
  • B. NK cells produce antibodies against pathogens.
  • C. NK cells present antigens to T cells to initiate adaptive immunity.
  • D. NK cells release cytokines to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in the innate immune response by identifying and eliminating virus-infected cells, as well as tumor cells, without the need for prior exposure or activation. NK cells are able to detect abnormal cells by recognizing changes in the cell surface molecules, such as downregulation of MHC class I molecules. Once activated, NK cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzyme, leading to the destruction of the target cell. This direct killing mechanism is crucial for controlling viral infections and preventing the development of tumors. NK cells do not produce antibodies (option B), present antigens to T cells (option C), or release cytokines to recruit other immune cells (option D) as their primary function in the immune response.

Which medication will be prescribed to control and maintain the blood pressue of patients at normal level?

  • A. Lidocaine
  • B. Amlodipine
  • C. Epinephrine
  • D. Furosemide
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Amlodipine is a medication commonly prescribed to control and maintain blood pressure at normal levels. It belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers, which work by relaxing and widening blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood around the body. This ultimately helps to lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart, decreasing the risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes. Lidocaine, Epinephrine, and Furosemide are not typically used for controlling and maintaining blood pressure within normal limits.

Which of the following is a primary consideration in planning for her care?

  • A. To prevent problems related to immobility
  • B. To prevent infection
  • C. Planning for client`s eventual inability communicate
  • D. To prevent complications
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When planning for a client's care, a primary consideration is to prevent problems related to immobility. Immobility can lead to a range of complications such as pressure ulcers, muscle weakness, joint contractures, and decreased circulation. To maintain the client's overall health and well-being, it is essential to address mobility issues and implement strategies to prevent complications associated with immobility. By prioritizing interventions that promote movement and prevent immobility-related problems, the client's quality of life can be improved and potential health risks mitigated.

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