Nokea
A patient with psychologic disorder is being treated with a drug. Few months he is worried that he is constantly thirsty and urinates copiously frequently throughout the day and night. Which of the following drugs most likely cause inappropriate secretion of ADH?
- A. Diazepam
- B. Lithium
- C. Haloperidol
- D. Phenytoin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lithium. Lithium is known to cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, leading to inappropriate secretion of ADH. This results in excessive thirst and copious urination. Diazepam (A) does not affect ADH secretion. Haloperidol (C) and Phenytoin (D) are not associated with ADH dysregulation.
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When performing a genitourinary assessment on a 16-year-old male adolescent, the nurse notices a swelling in the scrotum that increases with increased intra-abdominal pressure and decreases when he is lying down. The patient complains of pain when straining. The nurse knows that this description is most consistent with a(n) ______ hernia.
- A. Femoral.
- B. Incisional.
- C. Direct inguinal.
- D. Indirect inguinal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Indirect inguinal hernia. In an indirect inguinal hernia, the swelling in the scrotum increases with increased intra-abdominal pressure due to the herniation of abdominal contents through the internal inguinal ring. The swelling decreases when lying down because the contents reduce back into the abdominal cavity. Pain with straining is also characteristic of an indirect inguinal hernia.
A: Femoral hernia presents as a bulge in the upper thigh and is more common in females.
B: Incisional hernia occurs at the site of a previous surgical incision and is not typically affected by intra-abdominal pressure.
C: Direct inguinal hernia protrudes directly through the abdominal wall and is typically not palpable in the scrotum.
Which antibiotics should be avoided in patients of liver disease?:
- A. Tetracycline
- B. Cotrimoxazole
- C. Cephalexin
- D. Ethanbutol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tetracycline. Tetracycline should be avoided in patients with liver disease due to its potential hepatotoxicity. Tetracycline is primarily metabolized in the liver and can exacerbate liver damage in patients with pre-existing liver conditions. Cotrimoxazole, Cephalexin, and Ethambutol are generally considered safe for use in patients with liver disease as they are not known to cause significant liver toxicity.
The nurse caring for a patient with suspected renal has been referred by her primary physician for further dysfunction calculates that the patients weight has evaluation. The nurse should anticipate the use of what increased by 5 pounds in the past 24 hours. The nurse initial diagnostic test?
- A. Ultrasound
- B. X-ray
- C. 1,300 mL of fluid in 24 hours
- D. Computed tomography (CT)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ultrasound. This is the appropriate initial diagnostic test for suspected renal dysfunction due to its non-invasive nature and ability to visualize the kidneys and urinary system. Ultrasound can detect abnormalities such as kidney stones or obstruction. X-ray (B) does not provide detailed imaging of the kidneys. Option C refers to fluid intake, which is not a diagnostic test. Computed tomography (CT) scan (D) involves radiation exposure and is usually reserved for more advanced imaging after initial ultrasound. Ultrasound is the most suitable choice for initial evaluation of renal dysfunction.
During a physical examination, the nurse finds that a male patients foreskin is fixed and tight and will not retract over the glans. The nurse recognizes that this condition is:
- A. Phimosis.
- B. Epispadias.
- C. Urethral strictur
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phimosis. Phimosis is the condition where the foreskin is tight and cannot retract over the glans. This is a common condition in males and can lead to issues such as difficulty urinating and increased risk of infections. Epispadias (B) is a congenital condition where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis. Urethral stricture (C) is a narrowing of the urethra that can cause difficulty with urination, but it is not related to tight foreskin.
Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?
- A. Insulin
- B. aldosterone
- C. BNP
- D. ANP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys. It increases the reabsorption of sodium and water while promoting the excretion of potassium. This helps maintain electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
A: Insulin mainly regulates blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
C: BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) is involved in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure but not specifically sodium reabsorption.
D: ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) also plays a role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure, but it promotes sodium excretion instead of reabsorption.