Disorders of the Genitourinary System

Disorders of the Genitourinary System Related

Review Disorders of the Genitourinary System related questions and content

A patient with suprapubic pain and symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency has two negative urine cultures. What is one assessment finding that would indicate interstitial cystitis?

  • A. Residual urine greater than 200 mL
  • B. A large, atonic bladder on urodynamic testing
  • C. A voiding pattern that indicates psychogenic urinary retention
  • D. Pain with bladder filling that is transiently relieved by urination
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Pain with bladder filling that is transiently relieved by urination is a classic symptom of interstitial cystitis. This pattern of pain is due to inflammation of the bladder lining, which worsens as the bladder fills with urine and improves temporarily after urination. This finding is specific to interstitial cystitis and not typically seen in other conditions.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Residual urine greater than 200 mL is more indicative of bladder outlet obstruction or neurogenic bladder dysfunction, not specifically interstitial cystitis.
B: A large, atonic bladder on urodynamic testing is suggestive of neurogenic bladder or bladder outlet obstruction, not interstitial cystitis.
C: A voiding pattern indicating psychogenic urinary retention is more likely related to psychological factors affecting bladder function, not interstitial cystitis.

You may also like to solve these questions

The commonest type of ureteric calculus is

  • A. calcium oxalate
  • B. triple phosphate
  • C. urate
  • D. cysteine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: calcium oxalate. This is because calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of ureteric calculus, accounting for around 75% of cases. They form due to an excess of calcium and oxalate in the urine. Triple phosphate stones (choice B) are more commonly found in the bladder and are associated with urinary tract infections. Urate stones (choice C) are less common and typically seen in patients with gout or acidic urine. Cysteine stones (choice D) are rare and usually seen in patients with a genetic disorder affecting cysteine metabolism.

"Red man syndrome "has been associated with rapid intravenous injection of * which of the following antibiotic?

  • A. Vancomycin
  • B. Clindamycin
  • C. Cefoperazone
  • D. Piperacillin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vancomycin. Red man syndrome is a hypersensitivity reaction caused by rapid infusion of vancomycin. Vancomycin infusion releases histamine, leading to flushing, rash, and hypotension. Clindamycin (B), Cefoperazone (C), and Piperacillin (D) are not associated with red man syndrome. Clindamycin can cause pseudomembranous colitis, Cefoperazone can cause bleeding disorders, and Piperacillin can cause hypersensitivity reactions, but not red man syndrome.

A 25-year-old woman is concerned about the possibility of an STI. The nurse asks about her sexual history and recommends that she be tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which of the following STIs can be detected through a Pap smear?

  • A. Chlamydia.
  • B. Gonorrhea.
  • C. Trichomoniasis.
  • D. HPV.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Trichomoniasis. A Pap smear can detect abnormal changes in the cervix caused by Trichomoniasis, which is a common STI. The test can identify the presence of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The other choices, A: Chlamydia, B: Gonorrhea, and D: HPV, cannot be detected through a Pap smear as they require specific tests such as urine tests, swab tests, or blood tests. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are bacterial infections, while HPV is a viral infection that can lead to cervical cancer but is not detectable through a Pap smear alone.

Where are the glomeruli and Bowman’s capsules found?

  • A. Renal pelvis
  • B. Ureter
  • C. Renal cortex
  • D. Renal column
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The glomeruli and Bowman's capsules are found in the renal cortex. The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney where the initial stages of urine formation occur. Glomeruli are clusters of capillaries responsible for filtering blood, while Bowman's capsules surround the glomeruli and collect the filtrate. The renal pelvis (A) is the innermost part of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureter (B). Renal columns (D) are extensions of the renal cortex that project into the renal medulla. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately locates the structures involved in urine filtration.

A 60-year-old woman is undergoing a pelvic examination. During the examination, the nurse finds a mass in the pelvic region that is hard, irregular, and fixed. The nurse's most appropriate course of action would be to:

  • A. Monitor the mass and perform routine follow-up.
  • B. Refer the patient to a gynecologist for further evaluation.
  • C. Obtain a biopsy of the mass to assess for malignancy.
  • D. Perform a pelvic ultrasound to assess the mass.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Refer the patient to a gynecologist for further evaluation. Given the characteristics of the mass (hard, irregular, fixed), it raises concerns for possible malignancy. Referring the patient to a gynecologist allows for a specialist to conduct a thorough evaluation, which may include additional imaging studies and biopsies to determine the nature of the mass. Monitoring the mass (choice A) without further evaluation may delay potential diagnosis and treatment. Obtaining a biopsy (choice C) without proper evaluation by a specialist may not be appropriate at this stage. Performing a pelvic ultrasound (choice D) can provide additional information but may not be sufficient for a definitive diagnosis of malignancy.

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