Nokea
Which antileprosy drug that both suppresses lepra reaction and reversal * reaction?:
- A. Dapsone
- B. Rifampin
- C. Clofazimine
- D. Minocycline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Clofazimine is the correct answer because it is known to suppress both lepra reaction and reversal reaction in leprosy treatment.
Step 2: Dapsone is mainly used to treat leprosy but does not specifically target lepra reaction.
Step 3: Rifampin is effective against leprosy but does not have a direct impact on lepra reactions.
Step 4: Minocycline can be used in leprosy treatment but does not have the same dual action as clofazimine.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following diuretics is the most potent and cause hypotension * due to hypovolemia from excessive diuresis?
- A. Acetazolamide
- B. Furosemide
- C. Spironolactone
- D. Hydrocholorpthiazide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Furosemide is a loop diuretic, known for its high potency in inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle.
Step 2: This leads to significant diuresis, causing hypovolemia and subsequent hypotension.
Step 3: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic, not as potent as loop diuretics.
Step 4: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, less likely to cause hypotension due to its mechanism of action.
Step 5: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic, less potent than loop diuretics like furosemide in causing hypovolemia and hypotension.
Your patient does not seem to be responding to conservative treatment for acute renal failure, and dialysis is being considered. You understand that the main indication for dialysis is
- A. generalized edema
- B. elevated blood pressure
- C. elevated blood calcium
- D. a high and rising level of potassium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: a high and rising level of potassium. Dialysis is indicated in acute renal failure when the patient has severe electrolyte imbalances, especially hyperkalemia, which can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. Potassium levels must be closely monitored, and if they are high and continue to rise despite conservative treatment, dialysis is necessary to quickly lower the potassium levels. Generalized edema (A) is a symptom of renal failure but is not the main indication for dialysis. Elevated blood pressure (B) and elevated blood calcium (C) are not direct indications for dialysis in the context of acute renal failure.
Which of the following drug used in the treatment of filariasis? *
- A. Diethyl carbamazine
- B. Albendazole
- C. Levamisole
- D. Piperazine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diethyl carbamazine is the correct answer for the treatment of filariasis as it is the drug of choice due to its effectiveness in killing microfilariae and adult worms. Diethyl carbamazine directly targets the parasites responsible for filariasis, leading to their death and eventual elimination from the body. Albendazole, Levamisole, and Piperazine are not commonly used for filariasis treatment and are more commonly used for other parasitic infections. Albendazole is more commonly used for helminthic infections, Levamisole for roundworm infections, and Piperazine for pinworm infections.
The first step in urine production
- A. is called reabsorption.
- B. moves water and solutes from the renal tubules into the peritubular capillaries.
- C. is called secretion.
- D. occurs as water and solutes move from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsul
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the first step in urine production occurs as water and solutes move from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule during the process of filtration. This initial step involves the passive movement of water and small solutes through the filtration membrane in the glomerulus. Reabsorption (choice A) occurs later in the process when useful substances are reclaimed from the filtrate. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the process of reabsorption, not the initial step. Choice C is also incorrect as secretion is the process of actively transporting substances from the blood into the renal tubules, not the first step in urine production.
Which statement best describes Zidovudine:
- A. Zidovudine in combination with other antiretrovirals is an alternative initial treatment for HIV infection
- B. Zidovudine is also used to prevent transmission of HIV from the mother to her fetus and to treat AIDS-related dementia
- C. Peripheral neuropathy is a specific adverse reaction to Zidovudine
- D. Zidovudine is converted by cellular enzymes to an active form
Correct Answer: zidovudine diphosphate
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Zidovudine is converted by cellular enzymes to an active form (zidovudine diphosphate). Zidovudine itself is a prodrug that needs to be metabolized by cellular enzymes to its active form, zidovudine diphosphate, which inhibits HIV replication by acting as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. This active form is essential for its antiretroviral activity.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Zidovudine in combination with other antiretrovirals is an alternative initial treatment for HIV infection - This is incorrect because zidovudine is commonly used in combination with other antiretrovirals as a first-line treatment for HIV infection, not as an alternative treatment.
B: Zidovudine is also used to prevent transmission of HIV from the mother to her fetus and to treat AIDS-related dementia - This is incorrect because zidovudine is primarily used in