Nokea
A patient with thalassemia major who is receiving a blood transfusion shows signs of hemochromatosis. The nurse anticipates a prescription for which medication?
- A. Methotrexate.
- B. Deferoxamine.
- C. Ferrous gluconate.
- D. Iron dextran complex.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deferoxamine is an iron chelating agent used to treat iron overload conditions like hemochromatosis. It binds to excess iron and promotes its excretion from the body, preventing complications such as organ damage.
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A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) results: a blood pH of 7.29, a partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) level of 49 mm Hg, and a bicarbonate ion (HCO3) level of 25 mEq/L. Which condition would the nurse have in mind when developing the patient's plan of care?
- A. Metabolic acidosis.
- B. Metabolic alkalosis.
- C. Respiratory acidosis.
- D. Respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is indicated by low pH (7.29) and high PaCO2 (49 mm Hg), common in COPD due to impaired CO2 elimination.
The nurse provides discharge teaching to a patient with venous leg ulcers. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will take a walk daily.
- B. I will try to lose at least 20 pounds.
- C. I will put on my stockings after I get out of bed each day.
- D. I will not wear knee-high socks that are tight around my calf.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Not wearing tight knee-high socks is correct, as tight clothing can impede circulation; the statement suggests misunderstanding, indicating a need for further education.
The nurse presents information to a group of nursing students about cultural and ethnic health disparities related to hypertension. Which information would the nurse include about the comparison of Mexican Americans to White and Black populations?
- A. Mexican Americans have higher rates of good blood pressure control.
- B. Mexican Americans are more likely to receive treatment for hypertension.
- C. Mexican Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world.
- D. Mexican Americans have lower levels of awareness of hypertension and its treatment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mexican Americans have lower levels of awareness of hypertension and its treatment compared to White and Black populations, contributing to health disparities.
Which instruction would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient newly diagnosed with microcytic hypochromic anemia?
- A. Take enteric-coated iron with each meal.
- B. Take cobalamin with green, leafy vegetables.
- C. Take the iron with orange juice 1 hour before meals.
- D. Decrease the intake of the antiseizure medications to improve anemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taking iron with orange juice 1 hour before meals enhances absorption due to vitamin C, optimal for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia.
The nurse suspects that a patient has polycythemia vera based on which finding in the patient's laboratory reports? Select all that apply.
- A. Increased cobalamin levels.
- B. Decreased histamine levels.
- C. Increased hemoglobin levels.
- D. Increased red blood cell levels.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Increased hemoglobin and red blood cell levels are hallmark features of polycythemia vera, characterized by excessive red blood cell production.