Questions to Ask About Neurological System

Questions to Ask About Neurological System Related

Review Questions to Ask About Neurological System related questions and content

A person comes to the clinic reporting, I wear a scarf across my lower face when I go out but because of my ugly appearance. Assessment reveals an average appearance with no actual disfigurement. Which problem is most likely?

  • A. Dissociative identity disorder
  • B. Body dysmorphic disorder
  • C. Pseudocyesis
  • D. Malingering
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Body dysmorphic disorder. This individual's distorted belief about their appearance despite no actual disfigurement aligns with the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. People with this disorder obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance.
Incorrect choices:
A: Dissociative identity disorder involves multiple distinct personality states, not related to body image.
C: Pseudocyesis is a false belief of being pregnant, unrelated to body image.
D: Malingering involves feigning symptoms for external gain, not related to distorted body image perceptions.

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The tiny space between neurons or a neuron and its target muscle is the:

  • A. dendrite
  • B. axon
  • C. neuron cell body
  • D. synapse
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The synapse is the tiny gap between neurons or between a neuron and its target cell, such as a muscle. It is the site where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals from one cell to another. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, triggering a response. The synapse is crucial for communication within the nervous system.

As the potassium ions move out of the axon, the oscilloscope records a ________.

  • A. depolarization
  • B. repolarization
  • C. equalizing of negative and positive ions
  • D. shutdown of the membrane pumps
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: As potassium ions move out of the axon during repolarization, the oscilloscope records a return of the membrane potential to its negative resting state. This phase of the action potential is called repolarization and is essential for resetting the neuron so it can fire another action potential. Repolarization ensures that the neuron is ready to transmit subsequent nerve impulses.

What kind of stain is most commonly used to visualize the capsule of cryptococcus?

  • A. Gram stain
  • B. simple stain
  • C. negative stain
  • D. fluorescent stain
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: negative stain. Negative staining technique uses acidic stains which are repelled by the capsule of cryptococcus, making it visible as a clear halo around the stained cell. Gram stain (A) is used for bacterial cell wall visualization, simple stain (B) colors all cells uniformly, and fluorescent stain (D) requires a fluorescent microscope and specific dyes. Negative stain is the most effective method for visualizing cryptococcus capsules due to its unique structure and composition.

The nurse is caring for the client with increased intracranial pressure. The nurse would note which of the following trends in vital signs if the ICP is rising?

  • A. Increasing temperature, increasing pulse, increasing respirations, decreasing blood pressure.
  • B. Increasing temperature, decreasing pulse, decreasing respirations, increasing blood pressure.
  • C. Decreasing temperature, decreasing pulse, increasing respirations, decreasing blood pressure.
  • D. Decreasing temperature, increasing pulse, decreasing respirations, increasing blood pressure.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In increased ICP, Cushing's triad may occur, which includes bradycardia (decreasing pulse), irregular respirations (decreasing respirations), and widening pulse pressure (increasing blood pressure). These signs indicate severe brainstem compression and are late signs of increased ICP, requiring immediate intervention.

Affection of the cerebellar may produce any of the following EXCEPT:

  • A. positive Romberg's test
  • B. positive finger to nose test
  • C. positive heel to knee test
  • D. positive Rinner & Weber test
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Positive Rinner & Weber test is the correct answer because these tests are used to assess hearing and are not related to cerebellar function. The cerebellum is involved in coordination and balance, so tests like Romberg's, finger-to-nose, and heel-to-knee are used to evaluate cerebellar integrity, while Rinner and Weber tests are auditory assessments.

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