Nokea
A pharmaceutical company has developed a new medicine that was costly to create. How will the company be compensated for the cost of their research and development?
- A. They will set the price of the medication very high to allow rebates from insurance companies.
- B. They will be awarded money from the government for developing a new medicine.
- C. They will get a portion of the payments that other companies receive when they sell the drug.
- D. They will be allowed to sell the medication with no competition for approximately 10 years.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pharmaceutical companies are granted patents, allowing exclusive sales rights for a period (typically around 10-20 years), enabling them to recoup research and development costs without competition.
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Before administering any antihypertensive medication, you will first
- A. Ask the patient if he or she is allergic to any antibiotics.
- B. Check the chart for the most recent temperature readings.
- C. Ensure that any ordered blood cultures have already been drawn.
- D. Check the patient's blood pressure to ensure that it is not too low.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Checking blood pressure before administering antihypertensives prevents giving the medication if the pressure is too low, avoiding hypotension.
List the seven rights of medication administration.
- A. Right patient
- B. Right medication
- C. Right dose
- D. Right route
- E. Right time
- F. Right documentation
- G. Right reason
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E,F,G
Rationale: The seven rights ensure safe medication administration by verifying the correct patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation, and reason for administration.
A patient with pneumonia is allergic to cephalosporin antibiotics. He tells you that he breaks out in a rash and itches if he takes it. The health-care provider has prescribed cefazolin (Ancef) for him because it is one of the few antibiotics that will kill the bacteria cultured from his sputum. What will you do?
- A. Hold the medication and notify the health-care provider.
- B. Give the medication and administer oral diphenhydramine (Benadryl) without an order because it is an OTC medication.
- C. Ask the supervising nurse to give the medication because the patient may have an allergic reaction.
- D. Give the medication and watch the patient closely for any signs of anaphylaxis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Due to the patient's known allergy, administering cefazolin risks a severe reaction. Holding the medication and notifying the provider is the safest action.
You are caring for a patient who is taking valproic acid (Depakote) to prevent seizure activity. The therapeutic blood level of this medication is 50 to 100 g/mL. The patient's laboratory results show a level of 108 g/mL. The medication is ordered to be administered orally at 9:00 a.m. You are caring for this patient, and it is 8:00 a.m. What will you do?
- A. Give the medication as ordered; the blood level is only slightly elevated and the health-care provider will see it when making rounds later.
- B. Hold the medication until the health-care provider sees the patient next; then you can ask whether to continue giving the medication.
- C. Give the medication as ordered; administer one aspirin with it to bind some of the drug.
- D. Hold the medication; notify the health-care provider of the blood level and obtain orders regarding the administration of the medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A supratherapeutic level of valproic acid risks toxicity. Holding the medication and notifying the provider ensures patient safety.
Which patient is most likely to have a drug reaction?
- A. A patient with kidney failure who is on dialysis
- B. A patient who is more physically active than the average person
- C. A patient with no known drug allergies (NKDA)
- D. A patient who has never had a reaction to a medicine in the past
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with kidney failure have impaired drug clearance, increasing the risk of drug accumulation and reactions.