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A physician has ordered intramuscular (IM) injections of morphine, a narcotic, every 4 hours as needed for pain in a motor vehicle accident victim. The nurse is aware this drug has a high abuse potential. Under what category would morphine be classified?
- A. Schedule I
- B. Schedule II
- C. Schedule III
- D. Schedule IV
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Narcotics with a high abuse potential are classified as Schedule II drugs because of severe dependence liability. Schedule I drugs have high abuse potential and no accepted medical use. Schedule III drugs have a lesser abuse potential than II and an accepted medical use. Schedule IV drugs have low abuse potential and limited dependence liability.
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A pharmaceutical lab states that a drug causes negative side effects in 3 of every 100 patients. To confirm this affirmation, another laboratory chooses 5 people at random who have consumed the drug. What is the probability that none of the five patients experience side effects?
- A. 0.8687
- B. 0.1313
- C. 0.00847
- D. 0.0003
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using the binomial distribution with n=5, p=0.03, and q=0.97, the probability of zero side effects is calculated as P(X=0) = (5 choose 0) * 0.97^5 = 0.8687, as shown in the document.
The patient asks the nurse, Is it safe to take over-the-counter (OTC) medications with prescription medications? What is the nurse's best response?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. OTC medications can interact with prescription medications.
- B. It is important to tell your doctor all medications you take, including OTC.
- C. OTC medications could mask or hide signs and symptoms of a disease.
- D. You should avoid taking any OTC medication when taking prescription drugs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC medications can interact with prescription medications or other OTC so it is always important to consult your pharmacist and provider for advice. To provide the most accurate instruction, the health care provider must know all medications taken including dietary supplements, OTC, and prescription. OTC medications could mask or hide symptoms of a disease so it is always important to consult a physician if symptoms persist. OTC medications are not prohibited when taking prescription drugs as long as no drug interaction occurs. How an OTC will impact a prescription medication varies depending on the medications involved, so it is incorrect to say it will make the prescription drug more effective.
Zero order kinetics are seen in all except
- A. Salicylate
- B. Atenolol
- C. Barbiturates
- D. Ethanol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Barbiturates typically follow first-order kinetics; others exhibit zero-order at high doses.
When reviewing information about the Orphan Drug Program, which of the following would the nurse expect to find? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. The program encourages the development and marketing of products to treat rare diseases.
- B. The program grants provisional approval with a written commitment from the drug company to formally demonstrate client benefits.
- C. The program provides for incentives, such as research grants, protocol assistance, and special tax credits, to develop products to treat rare diseases.
- D. The program grants 7 years of exclusive marketing rights to the manufacturer if approved.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Orphan Drug Program encourages the development and marketing of products used to treat rare diseases. The program provides incentives to encourage manufacturers to develop orphan drugs, and if approved, the manufacturer has 7 years of exclusive marketing rights. Accelerated programs involve provisional approval and approval based on preliminary evidence.
The nurse is preparing to administer Lanoxin to a patient on the telemetry unit. In addition to understanding the patient's diagnosis, the nurse must also know which characteristic(s) of the medication?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Chemical composition
- B. Adverse effects
- C. Expected actions
- D. Contraindications for use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse must understand the individual patient's diagnosis and symptoms that correlate with the rationale for drug use. The nurse should also know why a medication is ordered, expected actions, usual dosing, proper dilution, route and rate of administration, adverse effects, and contraindications for the use of a particular drug. It is not required that the nurse know the chemical composition of the medication prior to administration.