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A woman, who has undergone amniocentesis, has been notified that her baby is XX with a 14/21 robertsonian chromosomal translocation. The nurse helps the woman to understand which of the following?
- A. The baby will have a number of serious genetic defects.
- B. It is likely that the baby will be unable to have children when she grows up.
- C. Chromosomal translocations are common and rarely problematic.
- D. An abortion will probably be the best decision under the circumstances.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Robertsonian translocations are generally asymptomatic and not problematic.
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Infertility increases a client's risk of which of the following diseases?
- A. Diabetes mellitus.
- B. Nystagmus.
- C. Cholecystitis.
- D. Ovarian cancer.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infertility, particularly due to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), increases the risk of ovarian cancer.
A client is admitted to the labor and birthing suite in early labor. On review of her prenatal history, the nurse determines that the client's pelvic shape as identified in the antepartum notes is the most favorable one for a vaginal birth. Which pelvic shape would the nurse have noted?
- A. platypelloid
- B. gynecoid
- C. android
- D. anthropoid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gynecoid pelvic shape is the most favorable for vaginal birth due to its optimal dimensions and orientation for the passage of the fetus. The anthropoid pelvis is also favorable for vaginal birth, but it is not the most favorable shape. The android pelvis and platypelloid pelvis are less favorable for vaginal birth, with the android pelvis having slow descent of the fetal head and the platypelloid pelvis often requiring cesarean birth.
A patient has been diagnosed with an incompetent cervix (the cervix will not remain closed). What treatment option will be incorporated into the plan of care for this patient?
- A. Bed rest throughout the pregnancy.
- B. Wait and see approach to determine if the patient goes into preterm labor.
- C. Preparation for cerclage procedure at 32 weeks' gestation.
- D. More frequent ultrasounds to assess progression of pregnancy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because more frequent ultrasounds are necessary to monitor the progression of the pregnancy in a patient with an incompetent cervix. This allows healthcare providers to assess the cervix's condition and the risk of preterm labor.
A: Bed rest is not the primary treatment for an incompetent cervix as it does not address the underlying issue.
B: A wait and see approach may lead to missed opportunities for preventive interventions.
C: Preparation for cerclage at 32 weeks is too late as cerclage is typically done earlier to provide support to the cervix.
Which situation best describes secondary infertility in a couple?
- A. Never conceived.
- B. Had repeated spontaneous abortions.
- C. Not conceived after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.
- D. Has one child but cannot conceive a second time.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because secondary infertility refers to the inability of a couple to conceive after having one or more children without any fertility issues. This situation indicates that the couple had a successful pregnancy in the past but is now facing difficulties conceiving again.
A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Never conceived - This does not align with the definition of secondary infertility as it involves a previous successful pregnancy.
B: Had repeated spontaneous abortions - This refers to recurrent pregnancy loss, not secondary infertility.
C: Not conceived after 1 year of unprotected intercourse - This describes primary infertility, not secondary infertility.
A client is to have a hysterosalpingogram. In this procedure, the physician will be able to determine which of the following?
- A. Whether or not the ovaries are maturing properly.
- B. If the endometrium is fully vascularized.
- C. If the cervix is incompetent.
- D. Whether or not the fallopian tubes are obstructed.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hysterosalpingogram uses contrast dye to visualize the fallopian tubes and uterus, identifying obstructions.