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During a fertility consultation, a couple inquires about polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). What should the nurse include in the explanation?
- A. PCOS only affects a woman's menstrual cycle.
- B. PCOS can cause irregular ovulation and hormonal imbalances.
- C. PCOS is not related to weight or lifestyle factors.
- D. PCOS has no impact on fertility treatment outcomes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: PCOS is a complex hormonal disorder affecting women's reproductive systems.
Step 2: It can lead to irregular ovulation, making it difficult to conceive.
Step 3: Hormonal imbalances in PCOS can affect fertility by disrupting the menstrual cycle.
Step 4: Therefore, the nurse should include that PCOS can cause irregular ovulation and hormonal imbalances in the explanation.
Summary: Option B is correct as it highlights the key features of PCOS impacting fertility. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because PCOS affects more than just the menstrual cycle, it is related to weight and lifestyle factors, and it can impact fertility treatment outcomes.
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What is the significance of a semen analysis in evaluating infertility?
- A. It determines the number, shape, and movement of sperm.
- B. It checks for genetic conditions affecting sperm.
- C. It monitors hormone levels in males.
- D. It identifies infections in the reproductive tract.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a semen analysis assesses important parameters such as sperm count, morphology (shape), and motility (movement), which are crucial factors in male fertility. Sperm count indicates the quantity of sperm available for fertilization. Morphology assesses the structural integrity of sperm, while motility determines their ability to reach and fertilize an egg. These parameters directly impact fertility potential.
Choice B is incorrect because a semen analysis does not specifically check for genetic conditions affecting sperm. Choice C is incorrect as hormone levels are not directly evaluated in a semen analysis. Choice D is incorrect because while infections can affect fertility, they are not the primary focus of a standard semen analysis.
The nurse educator is conducting a class for student nurses on X-linked recessive disorders. Which responses from a student nurse indicate that further education is needed?
- A. The male can't be a carrier if he doesn't have an X-linked disorder.
- B. If the male doesn't have an X-linked disorder, then his children won't either.
- C. If the female is a carrier, her daughter could be one too.
- D. If the female is a carrier, her sons may have an X-linked recessive disorder.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it is incorrect to assume that if a male doesn't have an X-linked disorder, then his children won't either. This statement overlooks the fact that the male could carry the recessive gene and pass it on to his daughters, who could then become carriers. This demonstrates a lack of understanding of how X-linked recessive disorders are inherited.
A: This statement is correct as males cannot be carriers of X-linked recessive disorders.
C: This statement is correct as females who are carriers have a 50% chance of passing on the recessive gene to their daughters.
D: This statement is correct as sons of carrier females have a 50% chance of inheriting the X-linked recessive disorder.
During a fertility evaluation, a patient learns about ovarian stimulation. What does this involve?
- A. Suppressing ovulation to regulate menstrual cycles.
- B. Using medications to increase the number of mature eggs produced.
- C. Monitoring hormone levels without medication.
- D. Performing surgery to retrieve eggs directly from the ovaries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ovarian stimulation involves using medications to increase the number of mature eggs produced. This process is commonly used in fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) to enhance the chances of successful fertilization. By stimulating the ovaries, multiple eggs can be retrieved, increasing the likelihood of successful conception.
Choice A is incorrect because suppressing ovulation is not the goal of ovarian stimulation; it is the opposite, to promote egg production. Choice C is incorrect as monitoring hormone levels alone does not involve the use of medications to stimulate egg production. Choice D is incorrect because surgery to retrieve eggs directly from the ovaries is a different procedure known as egg retrieval, not ovarian stimulation.
A nurse is explaining the significance of luteal phase support in fertility treatments. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. It triggers ovulation during the menstrual cycle.
- B. It involves supplementing progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.
- C. It enhances egg quality during ovarian stimulation.
- D. It prevents implantation failure by increasing estrogen levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Luteal phase support involves supplementing progesterone to maintain the uterine lining, crucial for implantation and early pregnancy support. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation and helps sustain early pregnancy. Other choices are incorrect: A is incorrect as ovulation is triggered by the surge in luteinizing hormone, not luteal phase support. C is incorrect as egg quality is primarily influenced during ovarian stimulation, not luteal phase support. D is incorrect as estrogen is not the primary hormone involved in preventing implantation failure, it is progesterone.
A woman asks the obstetrician's nurse about cord blood banking. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be best?
- A. I think it would be best to ask the doctor to tell you about that.
- B. The cord blood is frozen in case your baby develops a serious illness in the future.
- C. The doctors could transfuse anyone who gets into a bad accident with the blood.
- D. Cord blood banking is very expensive and the blood is rarely ever used.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cord blood banking preserves stem cells for potential future medical use.