Nokea
A couple is seeking infertility counseling. During the history, it is noted that the man is a cancer survivor, drinks one beer every night with dinner, and takes a sauna every day after work. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. It is unlikely that any of these factors is affecting his fertility.
- B. Daily alcohol consumption could be causing his infertility problems.
- C. Sperm may be malformed when exposed to the heat of the sauna.
- D. Cancer survivors have the same fertility rates as healthy males.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exposure to high temperatures, such as those in saunas, can impair spermatogenesis and lead to malformed sperm, making this a significant factor in male infertility.
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A patient undergoing fertility treatments asks about the role of luteinizing hormone (LH). What should the nurse explain?
- A. LH stimulates the growth of the uterine lining.
- B. LH triggers ovulation by causing the release of a mature egg from the ovary.
- C. LH suppresses follicle development in the early cycle.
- D. LH is only important during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because LH triggers ovulation by causing the release of a mature egg from the ovary. LH surge occurs around mid-cycle, stimulating the mature follicle to rupture and release the egg. This is crucial for fertility and conception.
A is incorrect because LH does not stimulate the growth of the uterine lining; that is primarily regulated by estrogen and progesterone.
C is incorrect because LH actually promotes follicle development and maturation.
D is incorrect because LH is important for ovulation and not just during pregnancy.
Infertility increases a client's risk of which of the following diseases?
- A. Diabetes mellitus.
- B. Nystagmus.
- C. Cholecystitis.
- D. Ovarian cancer.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infertility, particularly due to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), increases the risk of ovarian cancer.
What is the primary purpose of Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF?
- A. To increase the number of embryos available for transfer.
- B. To identify genetic abnormalities in embryos before implantation.
- C. To enhance uterine receptivity for implantation.
- D. To stimulate egg production during ovarian stimulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To identify genetic abnormalities in embryos before implantation. PGT is used to screen embryos for genetic disorders before implantation in IVF to prevent the transmission of genetic diseases to the offspring. By identifying abnormalities, only healthy embryos are selected for transfer, increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy. Other choices are incorrect as PGT does not directly impact the number of embryos available (A), uterine receptivity (C), or egg production (D) during IVF.
A client has been notified that because of fallopian tube obstruction, her best option for becoming pregnant is through in vitro fertilization. The client asks the nurse about the procedure. Which of the following responses is correct?
- A. During the stimulation phase of the procedure
- B. the physician will make sure that only one egg reaches maturation.
- C. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis will be performed on your partner's sperm before they are mixed with your eggs.
- D. After ovarian stimulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Extra embryos can be cryopreserved for future use.
What is the significance of a semen analysis in evaluating infertility?
- A. It determines the number, shape, and movement of sperm.
- B. It checks for genetic conditions affecting sperm.
- C. It monitors hormone levels in males.
- D. It identifies infections in the reproductive tract.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a semen analysis assesses important parameters such as sperm count, morphology (shape), and motility (movement), which are crucial factors in male fertility. Sperm count indicates the quantity of sperm available for fertilization. Morphology assesses the structural integrity of sperm, while motility determines their ability to reach and fertilize an egg. These parameters directly impact fertility potential.
Choice B is incorrect because a semen analysis does not specifically check for genetic conditions affecting sperm. Choice C is incorrect as hormone levels are not directly evaluated in a semen analysis. Choice D is incorrect because while infections can affect fertility, they are not the primary focus of a standard semen analysis.