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According to Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA, 2021), 'Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity.' Which actions are consistent with these nursing roles? Select all that apply.
- A. Offering emotional support to a patient overwhelmed by a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer
- B. Making a diagnosis of appendicitis when a patient reports right lower quadrant pain
- C. Providing classes on nutrition and physical activity at a senior center
- D. Administering an antibiotic to a patient with a documented infection
- E. Working with the health department to provide free influenza vaccinations to children
- F. Requesting the health care provider change prescription for the patient whose pain is still unrelieved
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Education, emotional support, nursing interventions such as administering medications, preventing influenza and infectious diseases, and advocating for improved pain management are roles of the nurse. Making a medical diagnosis is not within the scope of professional nursing practice.
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A nurse considers returning to school to obtain a master's degree in nursing. Which practice discipline requiring graduate level education could the nurse consider?
- A. Rehabilitation nurse
- B. Critical care nurse
- C. Oncology nurse
- D. Nurse practitioner
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A master's degree (MSN) prepares advanced practice nurses, nurse practitioners (NPs), nurse midwives, clinical specialists, or clinical nurse leaders.
Nursing students are learning about the criteria that establish nursing as a profession. Which statements by the students indicate they have correctly described characteristics of a profession? Select all that apply.
- A. Nursing is composed of a well-defined body of general knowledge.
- B. Nursing interventions are dependent upon medical practice.
- C. Nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group.
- D. Nursing practice is regulated by the medical profession.
- E. Nursing has a code of ethics.
- F. Nursing is influenced by ongoing research.
Correct Answer: C,E,F
Rationale: Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on the following defining criteria: well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, strong service orientation, recognized authority by a professional group, code of ethics, professional organization that sets standards, ongoing research, and autonomy and self-regulation.
A nurse is engaged in community health promotion activities. What activity best reflects this type of health promotion?
- A. Teaching about fall prevention and home safety at a senior center
- B. Holding a blood glucose screening for diabetes at a local church
- C. Educating hospice volunteers on therapeutic communication
- D. Providing education on crutch walking to a child with a fractured tibia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses promote health and prevent illness primarily by teaching, through personal example and administering preventative vaccinations. Performing blood glucose screening for diabetes detects a disease after it has developed, rather than diabetes prevention. Therapeutic communication during hospice care and crutch walking are additional interventions used for diseases or health problems already present.
A nurse working in a rehabilitation facility focuses on the goal of restoring health for patients. Which nursing interventions could the nurse use to meet this goal? Select all that apply.
- A. Counseling adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
- B. Performing range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest
- C. Demonstrating insulin injection to a patient with diabetes
- D. Recommending a yoga class for a busy executive
- E. Providing hospice care for a patient with end-stage cancer
- F. Teaching a nutrition class at a local high school
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Activities to restore health focus on the person with an illness and range from early detection of a disease to rehabilitation and teaching during recovery. These activities include drug counseling, teaching patients how to administer their medications, and performing range-of-motion exercises for bedridden patients. Recommending a yoga class for stress reduction helps prevent illness, and teaching a nutrition class helps promote health. A hospice nurse facilitates coping with disability and death.
A nurse historian is researching changes in professional nursing and nursing education in the mid-20th century. What trend promoted advancement of the profession and of nursing education?
- A. Increased need for nurses and knowledge explosion led to emphasis on education.
- B. Focus on the war effort slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology.
- C. Role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings.
- D. Nursing care was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more independent and assertive, leading to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology.