Nokea
According to Piaget, magical thinking is the belief of which?
- A. Thoughts are all powerful.
- B. God is an imaginary friend.
- C. Events have cause and effect.
- D. If the skin is broken, the insides will come out.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because of their egocentrism and transductive reasoning, preschoolers believe that thoughts are all powerful. Believing God is an imaginary friend is an example of concrete thinking in a preschoolers spiritual development. Cause-and-effect implies logical thought, not magical thinking. Believing that if the skin is broken, the insides will come out is an example of concrete thinking in development of body image.
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A 4-year-old child tells the nurse that she doesnt want another blood sample drawn because I need all of my insides and I dont want anyone taking them out. What is the nurses best interpretation of this?
- A. The child is being overly dramatic.
- B. The child has a disturbed body image.
- C. Preschoolers have poorly defined body boundaries.
- D. Preschoolers normally have a good understanding of their bodies.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preschoolers have little understanding of body boundaries, which leads to fears of mutilation. The child is not capable of being dramatic at this age. She truly has fear. Body image is just developing in school-age children. Preschoolers do not have good understanding of their bodies.
The nurse is explaining the preconventional stage of moral development to a group of nursing students. What characterizes this stage?
- A. Children in this stage focus on following the rules.
- B. Children in this stage live up to social expectations and roles.
- C. Children in this stage have a concrete sense of justice and fairness.
- D. Children in this stage have little, if any, concern for why something is wrong.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Young childrens development of moral judgment is at the most basic level in the preconventional stage. They have little, if any, concern for why something is wrong. Following the rules, living up to social expectations, and having a concrete sense of justice and fairness are characteristics in the conventional stage.
In terms of fine motor development, what should the 3-year-old child be expected to do?
- A. Tie shoelaces.
- B. Copy (draw) a circle.
- C. Use scissors or a pencil very well.
- D. Draw a person with seven to nine parts.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Three-year-old children are able to accomplish the fine motor skill of copying (drawing) a circle. The ability to tie shoelaces, to use scissors or a pencil very well, and to draw a person with seven to nine parts are fine motor skills of 5-year-old children.
During the preschool period, the emphasis of injury prevention should be placed on what?
- A. Limitation of physical activities
- B. Punishment for unsafe behaviors
- C. Constant vigilance and protection
- D. Teaching about safety and potential hazards
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Education about safety and potential hazards is appropriate for preschoolers because they can begin to understand dangers. Limitation of physical activities is not appropriate. Punishment may make children scared of trying new things. Constant vigilance and protection are not practical at this age because preschoolers are becoming more independent.
What is descriptive of the nutritional requirements of preschool children?
- A. The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity.
- B. The average daily intake of preschoolers should be about 3000 calories.
- C. Nutritional requirements for preschoolers are very different from requirements for toddlers.
- D. Requirements for calories per unit of body weight increase slightly during the preschool period.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Parents need to be reassured that the quality of food eaten is more important than the quantity. Children are able to self-regulate their intake when offered foods high in nutritional value. The average daily caloric intake should be approximately 1800 calories. Toddlers and preschoolers have similar nutritional requirements. There is an overall slight decrease in needed calories and fluids during the preschool period.